Gelatin/nano‐hydroxyapatite hydrogel scaffold prepared by sol‐gel technology as filler to repair bone defects

Abstract

This study reports on the development of a scaffold with a gradient of bioactive solid signal embedded in the biodegradable polymer matrix by combining a sol-gel approach and freeze-drying technology. The chemical approach based on the sol-gel transition of calcium phosphates ensures the particles dispersion into the gelatin matrix and a direct control of interaction among COOH /Ca ions. Morphological analysis demonstrated that on the basis of the amount of inorganic component and by using specific process conditions, it is possible to control the spatial distribution of nanoparticles around the gelatin helix. In fact, methodology and formulations were able to discriminate between the different hydroxyapatite concentrations and their respective morphology. The good biological response represented by good cell attachment, proliferation and increased levels of alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells toward the osteogenic lineage, demonstrating the effect of bioactive solid signals on cellular behavior. Furthermore, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production by composite materials predicted potential anti-inflammatory properties of scaffolds thus confirming their biocompatibility. Indeed, these interesting biological results suggest good potential application of this scaffold as filler to repair bone defects. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2007-2019, 2018.

Hydrogel scaffolds based on blood plasma cryoprecipitate and collagen derived from various sources: Structural, mechanical and biological characteristics

“…It is also possible to reinforce hydrogels with frames made from synthetic microfibers [49]. The most widespread strategies are those that improve the hydrogel properties by including secondary polymers and various nanostructures into the main hydrogel to create polycomposite hydrogel scaffolds [[50], [51], [52]]. All the above considerations indicate the topicality of developing new hydrogel scaffolds based on natural polymers and of investigations into the effects of various factors (for example, the composite structure, interaction of biopolymers, conditions of co-polymerization of components etc.)…”

Bioactivation Routes of Gelatin-Based Scaffolds to Enhance at Nanoscale Level Bone Tissue Regeneration

“…After 30 min of stirring, the solutions were sonicated to remove air bubbles and then poured into a Teflon mold to be processed for 48 h by freeze-drying. The crosslinking of Gelatin was performed by soaking porous lyophilized scaffolds, at different time points (1, 3, and 6 h) at room temperature, in acetone–water solution (4:1 v/v) containing a water-soluble EDC, followed by incubation at 4°C for 24 h. The scaffold/solvent volume ratio was kept at 1 wt/v%, considering our previous study (Raucci et al, 2018), in order to maintain a porous structure. Meanwhile, the amount of crosslinking agent was 0.7 wt/v% respect to volume solution of acetone-water (Raucci et al, 2018).…”

Use of Nanoparticles in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

“…In another study compressive modulus of gelatin HAp NPs composite hydrogel has been shown to decrease by increasing the weight percentage of HAp NPs. Such decrease was attributed to negative effect of HAp NPs on the crosslinking efficiency (Raucci et al, 2018).…”