Gelatin-stabilised microemulsion-based organogels: rheology and application in iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery

Preparation and Characterization of Insulin-Loaded Acrylic Hydrogels Containing Absorption Enhancers.

“…Hydrogel formulations are now used in a variety of fields, including medicine, where they may be used for topical, 5) oral, 6) and rectal 7) delivery. However, in the application of hydrogels, both the drug release rate in vitro and the in vivo gastric transit profile may affect in vivo usefulness, and it is not always clear whether we have the best gel formulation for the targetted purpose.…”

Electric Field-Controlled Benzoic Acid and Sulphanilamide Delivery from Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel

“…Figure 6 shows that the diffusion coefficient increases with increasing electric field strength. The diffusion coefficient of PVA hydrogel increases from 1.20×10 −6 to 6.90×10 −6 cm 2 /s as electric field strength increases from 0.0 to 5.0 V. It saturates at a value of 6.9×10 −6 at and beyond 3.0 V. The greater electrostatic force is evidently due to the stronger electrical field strength, accelerating the negatively charged drug through the polymer matrix (11,22,23).…”

Introductory Chapter: Microemulsions

“…For example, o/w and w/o microemulsions show Newtonian behavior over a wide range of shears, while the bicontinuous phase may undergo breakage upon medium shear forces, leading to thinning [3]. Although the effect of the molecular structure of emulsions has a large impact on the behavior of microemulsions [20], the characterization techniques are generally the same as their macroscopic counterparts [21,22].…”