Gelatin supports with immobilized laccase as sustainable biocatalysts for water treatment

Abstract

Millimeter‐size beads of gelatin are manufactured by dripping process to give enzyme supports qualified for micropollutants biodegradation in alternative wastewater treatment. The bead diameter is dependent on the tip diameter, the gelatin solution viscosity and the swelling of polymer chains in the collecting bath. Chemical crosslinking was performed with glutaraldehyde using optimal concentration to give mechanical and thermal properties suitable for application in stirred reactor in aqueous medium. Laccases from Trametes versicolor are grafted on the gelatin beads with glutaraldehyde. Sixty percentage of the initial enzymatic activity, evaluated by the oxidation of 2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) is maintained after 10 successive cycles of reaction. Thermal stability at 60°C of immobilized biocatalysts is improved when compared to free enzymes (45% vs 10% of relative activity after 6 h of incubation). The simplicity of the procedure to form gelatin beads and their properties make them promising bio‐based and biodegradable support for enzyme immobilization.

(Hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose-chitosan film as a matrix for lipase immobilization: Operational and morphological study

“…Among several immobilization methods [14][15][16] entrapment in polymeric hydrogels has been proposed as alternative solution to acquire a biocatalyst with good mechanical properties [14,17]. In most cases, enzyme immobilization is accomplished with the aid of a cross-linker, such as glutaraldehyde [18][19][20]. Thus far, several natural polymers have been used for the design of an efficient support for enzymes.…”

Enzyme immobilization: polymer–solvent–enzyme compatibility

“…2). 104,126 Macromolecule encapsulation is effective for preventing enzyme aggregation and denaturation. 61 The encapsulation method is widely used because of its simplicity, minimum leaching, and minimal impact on enzyme native structure.…”

Enzyme functionalized solution blown nonwovens

“…Encapsulation is the most common single-step co-immobilization method, wherein enzymes are enclosed/confined in a semipermeable membrane, usually a spherical-shaped matrix (Figure 1.2). 104,126 Macromolecule encapsulation is effective for preventing enzyme aggregation and denaturation. 61 The encapsulation method is widely used because of its simplicity, minimum leaching, and minimal impact on enzyme native structure.…”