Gellan Gum-Based Bilayer Mucoadhesive Films Loaded with Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Clove Oil for Possible Treatment of Periodontitis

Abstract

Background/Objective: Periodontitis is a widely spread oral infection and various antibiotics are utilized for its treatment, but high oral doses and development of antibiotic resistance limit their use. This study was aimed at development of natural polymer-based mucoadhesive bilayer films loaded with moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Mox) and clove essential oil (CEO) to potentially combat bacterial infection associated with periodontitis. Methods: Films were synthesized by double solvent casting technique having an antibiotic in the gellan gum-based primary layer with clove oil in a hydroxyethyl cellulose-based secondary layer. Results: Prepared films were transparent, flexible, and showed high antibacterial response against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The films showed excellent pharmaceutical attributes in terms of drug content, folding endurance, swelling index, and mucoadhesive strength. Solid state characterization of formulation showed successful incorporation of drug and oil in separate layers of hydrogel structure. An in-vitro release study showed an initial burst release of drug followed by sustained release for up to 48 hours. Conclusion:The prepared mucoadhesive bilayer buccal films could be used as a potential therapeutic option for the management of periodontitis.

Assessing the Synergistic Activity of Clarithromycin and Therapeutic Oils Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Based Floating Microbeads

“…Hence, the swelling decreased as the concentration of eucalyptus oil increased. Our results are in agreement with previous studies where the presence of hydrophobic oils reduced the swelling behavior of carriers by hindering the interaction of polymeric chains with dissolution media [28,29].…”

Gellan gum spongy‐like hydrogel‐based dual antibiotic therapy for infected diabetic wounds

“…The reported release kinetics is a valuable approach for treating infection locally, since an initial high dose can lead to bacterial elimination, while the further sustained release will prevent bacterial regrowth and biofilm rebuilding 58 . This is consistent with previous studies on GG‐based antibiotic delivery systems reporting the release of entrapped molecules through a biphasic profile (initial burst phase followed by a long‐sustained phase), while ensuring good antibacterial performances of released antibiotics 59,60 . While DDS degradation can determine their therapeutic performance, it is not a factor to consider in our system since GG‐based spongy‐like hydrogels remain stable in saline at 37°C for at least 28 days, with residual mass loss 43,61,62 .…”

Research Advances on Hydrogel-Based Materials for Tissue Regeneration and Remineralization in Tooth

“…Hydrogels containing drugs with both anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration properties can effectively promote periodontal regeneration in periodontitis, such as BMP-2/VEGF [ 52 ]; bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) [ 53 ]; matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) [ 54 ]; elf-assembling peptide (SAP) [ 55 ]; bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) [ 56 ]; insulin-like growth factor-I [ 57 ]; recombinant human beta-nerve growth factor (rh beta-NGF) [ 58 ]; dexamethasone [ 59 ]; interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) [ 60 ]; kinase 3 beta inhibitor (BIO) [ 61 ]; minocycline and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) [ 62 ]; chlorhexidine (CHX) [ 63 ]; interleukin (IL)-4/stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α [ 64 ]; chlorhexidine [ 65 ]; naringin [ 66 ]; metronidazole (MD) [ 67 ]; ornidazole [ 56 ]; triclosan (TCS)/flurbiprofen (FLB) [ 68 ] and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Mox)/clove essential oil (CEO) [ 69 ] ( Table 2 ).…”