Geminivirus transmission and biological characterisation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotypes from different geographic regions

Abstract

SummaryEighteen populations of Bemisia tabaci, collected from different geographic locations (North & Central America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Europe), were studied to identify and compare biological and genetic characteristics that can be used to differentiate biotypes. The morphology of the fourth instar/pupal stage and compound eye structures of adults were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and found to be typical of the species among all biotypes and populations studied. Setae and spines of B. tabaci larval scales from the same colony were highly variable depending on the host plant species or leaf surface characteristics. The location and the morphology of caudal setae, characteristic of all B. tabaci studied to date, were present in all colonies. However, differences in adult body lengths and in the ability to induce phy to toxic disorders in certain plant species were found between biotypes or populations. The recently identified “B” biotype, characterised by a diagnostic esterase banding pattern and by its ability to induce phytotoxic responses in squash, honeysuckle and nightshade was readily distinguished from non‐“B” biotype populations. None of the non‐“B” biotypes studied, were found to induce phytotoxic responses. Nine populations examined showed typical “B” biotype characteristics, regardless of country of origin. All tested populations, determined as “B” or “B”‐like biotypes successfully mated with other “B” biotype colonies from different geographic areas. Non‐“B” biotype colonies did not interbreed with other biotypes.The B. tabaci populations were tested for their ability to transmit 15 whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) from different geographic areas with a wide range of symptom types. All WTGs were transmitted by the “B” biotype colonies and by most non‐“B” biotype colonies, with the exception of three viruses found in ornamental plants which were non‐transmissible by any colony. Some non‐“B” biotypes would not transmit certain geminiviruses and some geminiviruses were more efficiently transmitted than were others.

Resistência de genótipos de aboboreira a Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

“…A existência de biótipos de B. tabaci foi proposta a partir da década de 50, após a descoberta de populações morfologicamente semelhantes, mas que exibiam aspectos biológicos diferentes em relação à planta hospedeira, à transmissão de vírus, à resistência a inseticidas e ao comportamento dos insetos (Costa & Brown 1991, Bedford et al 1994, Brown et al 1995. Assim, o biótipo A não se reproduz bem em poinsétia ou bico-de-papagaio (Euphorbia pulcherrima), não induz o prateamento da folha em aboboreira e apresenta o padrão isoenzimático A, enquanto o biótipo B se reproduz intensamente em poinsétia e brócolos e induz o prateamento da folha da aboboreira, apresentando padrão isoenzimático B (Lourenção & Nagai 1994).…”

Biological parameters of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Jatropha gossypiifolia, commercial (Manihot esculenta) and wild cassava (Manihot flabellifolia and M. carthaginensis) (Euphorbiaceae)

“…The distribution of biotype B into new areas in the Americas and the Caribbean is often associated with the movement of plants and the ability of some B. tabaci populations to adapt to a broad spectrum of new hosts (Bedford et al 1994). In Latin America, the biotype B is displacing biotype A and becoming adapted to new hosts such as cassava (M. esculenta) (Lima et al 2002, Rodríguez et al 2005.…”

Gene expression in plant according to RNAi treatment of the tobacco whitefly

“…담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci)는 전 세계적으로 발생하며, 600여종 이상의 기주를 가해하는 주요 흡즙성 해충으로 (Perring, 2001), 기주 선호성이나 매개하는 바이러스 등 에 따라 24종의 생태형이 보고되어 있다 (Bedford et al, 1994;Burban et al, 1992). 담배가루이는 식물의 체관부 를 흡즙하여 직접적인 피해를 주거나 간접적으로 감로배설 로 인한 그을음병을 유발하고 100종 이상의 바이러스를 매 개하는 등 시설재배 작물의 상품성과 수량에 영향을 준다 (Byrne, 1999;Bedford et al, 1994;Jones, 2003) (Choi, 1990;Devine and Denholm, 1998;Nauen et al, 2002).…”

“…담배가루이는 식물의 체관부 를 흡즙하여 직접적인 피해를 주거나 간접적으로 감로배설 로 인한 그을음병을 유발하고 100종 이상의 바이러스를 매 개하는 등 시설재배 작물의 상품성과 수량에 영향을 준다 (Byrne, 1999;Bedford et al, 1994;Jones, 2003) (Choi, 1990;Devine and Denholm, 1998;Nauen et al, 2002). 현재까지는 피레스로이드계, 네오니코티노이 드계, 곤충성장조절제(insect growth regulators, IGRs) 계 통 등의 살충제에 대한 약제저항성이 알려져 있다 (Horowitz et al, 2005;Karatolos et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2002).…”