Gender and Culture

Gill, Diane L.

doi:10.1002/9781119568124.ch55

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Thus, we take a pro-feminist perspective, acknowledging the injustices faced by women, transgender, and gender nonconforming individuals, and questioning the privileged positions of many boys and men in sport (Roper & Polasek, 2019). Leaning on social justice theories (Heise et al, 2019), we advocate for equality in sport, where the benefits of sport and exercise can be available to all (Gill, 2020). While our analysis is predominantly descriptive and quantitative, we understand that our positionality as authors could potentially influence interpretation of results.…”

Section: Philosophical Stance and Positionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Sage and Loudermilk (1979) have described a persistent and damaging myth that equates athletic achievement with a 'loss of femininity', while Krane et al (2004) describe the 'female athlete paradox': that being a woman and an athlete are somehow considered as opposing. Thus, women and girls who do participate in sport often find themselves navigating complex intersections between sport and gender identities relating to femininity and athletic competence (Gill, 2020;Krane et al, 2004;Roper & Polasek, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have been critical in drawing attention to the need for more thoughtful and balanced sampling of gender across research in sport and exercise science and medicine. In general, SEP as a field, along with leadership in its professional organisations, has been over-represented by men (Gill, 2020). While much research has called into question the need for more representative research in SEP, to our knowledge no study has empirically examined the role of gender and participation in SEP research studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

Walton

Gwyther

Gao

et al. 2022

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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There are concerns that the field of sport and exercise psychology is limited by insufficient consideration for the demographic, socioeconomic and cultural identities and experiences of participants. This study specifically quantified gender balance among sport and exercise psychology samples for the very first time. Articles published within five leading journals in the field across three separate years (2010, 2015, 2020) were included. Across the 627 studies, data were collected from 258,160 participants. Of these, 138,133 were men/boys (54%), 119,398 were women/girls (46%), and 629 were non-binary or not reported (0.2%; 432 not reported, 197 identified as non-binary or another gender). We demonstrated that studies which focused on sportrather than exercisepsychology, significantly under-represented women/girls. Specifically, the OR for sport as compared to exercise, was 4.94 (95% CI = 3.19-7.64, p < .001), suggesting a markedly increased likelihood of male participation. Nearly one in five studies in sport psychology included exclusively male participants, compared to just 7% with females. Studies conducted in Europe, as well as those exploring interventions and experimental research, were also associated with an over-representation of male participants. Important questions are raised as to the conduct of representative research in the field of applied sport psychology, with recommendations provided.

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Section: Philosophical Stance and Positionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

Walton

Gwyther

Gao

et al. 2022

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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“…Konuya ilişkin yapılan bir çalışmada Kavussanu, Stamp, Slade ve Ring (2009), kadın ve erkek sporcuların prososyal ve antisosyal davranışlarını incelemiş, cinsiyet açısından prososyal davranışlarında bir farklılık olmadığını, erkek sporcuların antisosyal davranışlarının kadın futbolculara göre daha yüksek olduğunu tespit etmiştir. Gill (1992), araştırmasında erkek sporcuların kadınlara oranla kendilerini daha yarışmacı ve kazanma yönelimli gördüklerini belirtmiştir. Dolayısıyla, rekabet ve kazanma hırsına kadın sporculara oranla daha fazla eğilim gösteren erkek sporcuların müsabakalarda takım arkadaşlarına ve rakip oyunculara karşı daha fazla antisosyal davranışlarda bulunmaları beklenebilir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Investigation of the Relationship Between Empathic Tendency and Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviours in Team and Individual Athletes

Acar

MOR

Karakaş

et al. 2023

Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi

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Bu araştırmanın amacı takım ve bireysel sporcuların empatik eğilim ile prososyal ve antisosyal davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu, 2021-2022 ve 2022-2023 sezonlarında tesadüfi örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen, Takım (n=422), ve Bireysel (n=410) sporlar olmak üzere toplamda 832 müsabık sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği (EEÖ)” ve “Sporda Prososyal ve Antisosyal Davranış Ölçeği (SPADÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen puanlar için ikili karşılaştırmalarda; Bağımsız örneklem t-test, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ise; Tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Tukey HSD testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma grubunun “EEÖ” ve “SPADÖ” puan ortalamalarında cinsiyet, yaş, spor yaşı, spor türü, spor dalı, aylık gelir ve millilik durumu, değişkenlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p

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“…Bonato et al [ 7 ] suggested sport sciences to adopt the gender perspective as the mainstream one (gender mainstreaming can be described as the integration of the gender equality perspective into every stage of development and implementation of research, policy, or program) when researching and presenting evidence-based knowledge to practitioners. Indeed, given the numerous differences (e.g., physiological, biochemical, biomechanical, anatomical, psychological) between female and male athletes [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], only a small part of the findings of studies involving male athletes can be applied to female athletes [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Elite Female Athletes Cope with Symptoms of Their Premenstrual Period? A Study on Rugby Union and Football Players’ Perceived Physical Ability and Well-Being

Modena

Bisagno

Schena

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Women’s participation in sports has recently grown worldwide, including in sports typically associated with men (e.g., rugby and football). Similarly, literature on female athletes has increased, but how they cope with premenstrual (PM) physical and affective symptoms remains a poorly studied topic. Our study aimed to explain which coping strategies elite female rugby and football players use during their PM period to maintain perceived physical ability (PPA) and well-being. A mediation model analysis considering coping strategies (i.e., avoiding harm, awareness and acceptance, adjusting energy, self-care, and communicating) as independent variables, PPA and well-being as dependent variables, and PM physical and affective symptoms and PM cognitive resources as mediators was run on the data collected via an anonymous online survey. A dysfunctional impact of avoiding harm (indirect) and adjusting energy (both direct and indirect) and a functional indirect influence of awareness and acceptance, self-care, and communicating as coping strategies were found on PPA and well-being during the PM period. As predicted, PM physical and affective symptoms as mediators reduced PPA and well-being, while PM cognitive resources enhanced them. These results may inform practitioners on how to support elite female athletes’ PPA and well-being by knowing and reinforcing the most functional PM coping strategies for them.

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Gender and Culture

Cited by 7 publications

References 152 publications

Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

Investigation of the Relationship Between Empathic Tendency and Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviours in Team and Individual Athletes

How Do Elite Female Athletes Cope with Symptoms of Their Premenstrual Period? A Study on Rugby Union and Football Players’ Perceived Physical Ability and Well-Being

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