Gender and Economic Development in Africa: An Overview

Manda, Damiano Kulundu; Mwakubo, Samuel

doi:10.1093/jae/ejt021

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Inequality in landholding is especially severe in SSA. Cultural norms and traditions restrict women’s ability to inherit land [ 17 , 18 ] and contribute to widening gender gaps in the quality and size of owned farmland [ 19 ]. In Kenya, a mere 0.5% of women have access to financial services [ 20 ] and only around 6% own land [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural maize farmer households in western Kenya

et al. 2018

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This paper documents a positive relationship between maize productivity in western Kenya and women’s empowerment in agriculture, measured using indicators derived from the abbreviated version of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index. Applying a cross-sectional instrumental-variable regression method to a data set of 707 maize farm households from western Kenya, we find that women’s empowerment in agriculture significantly increases maize productivity. Although all indicators of women’s empowerment significantly increase productivity, there is no significant association between the women’s workload (amount of time spent working) and maize productivity. Furthermore, the results show heterogenous effects with respect to women’s empowerment on maize productivity for farm plots managed jointly by a male and female and plots managed individually by only a male or female. More specifically, the results suggest that female- and male-managed plots experience significant improvements in productivity when the women who tend them are empowered. These findings provide evidence that women’s empowerment contributes not only to reducing the gender gap in agricultural productivity, but also to improving, specifically, productivity from farms managed by women. Thus, rural development interventions in Kenya that aim to increase agricultural productivity—and, by extension, improve food security and reduce poverty—could achieve greater impact by integrating women’s empowerment into existing and future projects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural maize farmer households in western Kenya

et al. 2018

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“…The result reveals that as gender inequality increases in favour of men (men have more chances of getting job in the economy), the informal economy will keep rising, distorting the formal economy or encouraging low productivity of the continents. As argued by Manda & Mwakubo (2014), until women's chances of getting job in the formal economy is equal to that of men, the continent will struggle with low productivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal Economy and Gender Inequality,

Joseph¹,

Nevo²,

Nwolisa³

2020

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic ravaging the global economy has exposed not just the dominant nature of informal sector in Africa economy but also the vulnerability of the women in the continent. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between gender inequality and growth of the informal sector in Africa. Using Generalised Least Square Approach, it was discovered that gender inequality indices such as equality between male and female in getting job in the formal economy under same or similar circumstances have significant impact in the growth of the informal economy in the continent. The study concludes that if adequate effort is not made to address the gender inequality in the continent especially in formal employment that have forced many females to informal sector employment, the objective of achieving inclusive growth and development in the continent might not be realistic. The study therefore recommends that the UN and other international organisations should compensate the African women by giving the women at least 60 percent chance in all their employment as a way of increasing the economic and political power of the women in the continent.

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“…Past home garden projects in Kenya and Burkina Faso showed that women are disadvantaged in regard to land ownership, tenure, control, and access (Guuroh et al, 2012;Murphy, 2008;Nielsen et al, 2018;Ouedraogo et al, 2016). Some cultural norms and traditions hinder women in SSA from owning farmland, thereby excluding them from mortgaging the property and escalating inequalities (Ellis et al, 2005;Kameri-Mbote, 2005;Manda & Mwakubo, 2014). Women in rural areas spend a large share of their time fulfilling extensive domestic tasks and shouldering the majority of childcare responsibilities (IFAD, 2015a(IFAD, , 2015b(IFAD, , 2016.…”

Section: Socio-cultural Sustainability Of Home Gardensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home gardening in sub‐Saharan Africa: A scoping review on practices and nutrition outcomes in rural Burkina Faso and Kenya

Hansen

Sorgho

Mank

et al. 2022

Food and Energy Security

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Home gardening is promoted as an adaptation strategy to ameliorate the increasing food insecurity from climate change impacts among subsistence farming families in rural sub‐Saharan Africa. Yet, the geographic distribution of home gardens, their setup, management, and the effects on nutrition outcomes have not been fully described. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize recent evidence on home gardening for two exemplar countries: Burkina Faso and Kenya. Between June and August 2020, we searched, screened, and extracted evidence about home garden projects in both countries, following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Peer‐reviewed scientific publications, and gray literature in English and French that reported about subsistence horticulture in rural settings of Burkina Faso or Kenya were included. The characteristics of the documents and the data pertaining to our research objectives were extracted into predefined spreadsheets. The data were synthesized in the form of a narrative review. Our search yielded 949 documents, of which 20 documents were included in the synthesis (Burkina Faso: 8, Kenya: 12). While the gardens varied in composition and size, the majority provided green leafy vegetables and indigenous horticultural crops. The challenges for successful home garden implementation comprised unfavorable climatic conditions, access to and affordability of inputs, water and land, and lack of know‐how. We identified trends for improved food security, diet quality, and nutritional status among the target populations. This scoping review found that there is limited evidence on home garden practices in rural Burkina Faso and Kenya. To enhance the sustainability of home gardens, research and resources should be invested in codesigning context‐specific home gardening projects. Pending rigorous impact evaluation, home gardens appear to be a promising tool for climate change adaptation while simultaneously improving food security and the nutritional situation among women and young children in these two exemplar countries of sub‐Saharan Africa.

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Gender and Economic Development in Africa: An Overview

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural maize farmer households in western Kenya

Women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural maize farmer households in western Kenya

Informal Economy and Gender Inequality,

Home gardening in sub‐Saharan Africa: A scoping review on practices and nutrition outcomes in rural Burkina Faso and Kenya

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