Gender and growth variation in palatal bone thickness and density for mini-implant placement

Abstract

BackgroundThe objective was to compare the palatal bone thickness (PBT) and palatal bone density (PBD) in the anterior, middle, and posterior part of the palate in males and females.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed cone beam computed tomography scans of 359 patients. The scans were divided into 99 growing males, 105 growing females, 74 non-growing males, and 81 non-growing females. The measurements of PBT and PBD were made in between the canine and first premolar, the first premolar and second premolar, the second premolar and first molar, and the first molar and second molar. The measurements were made in the center of the palate and 4 mm away from the center. ANOVA was used to analyze the PBT and PBD in different areas between four different groups.ResultsThe PBT was lower (P < 0.0001) as we moved from the anterior to the posterior palate. The PBT was more (P < 0.001) in the center of the palate than 4 mm away from the center, except in between the canine and first premolar. The growing male and non-growing male had higher (P < 0.0001) PBT than the growing female and non-growing female in between the canine and first premolar and the first premolar and second premolar both in the center and 4 mm away from it. The PBD was higher (P < 0.05) in between the canine and first premolar area at the center of the palate and between the second premolar and first molar 4 mm away from the center in all the experimental groups.ConclusionsThere exists a definite gender and growth variation in the PBT and PBD in different parts of the palate. Palatal bone thickness between the males and females revealed that the males had significantly higher PBT than the females.

Assessment of available sites for palatal orthodontic mini-implants through cone-beam computed tomography

“…The hard tissues and hardþsoft tissues of males were thicker than those of females at the P1 and P2 planes. Several studies 7,19 reported that males had significantly greater palatal bone thickness than did females, in accordance with the current results. Manni et al 21 showed that compared to males, the failure risk of mini-implants was significantly higher in females, likey as a result of decreased bone thickness.…”

“…6 The median and paramedian areas of the palate consist of thick cortical bone that offers enough bone quality and quantity to support miniimplants. 7 This area has the advantages of having no significant anatomical structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, or roots, that can interfere with the placement of mini-implants. 8 Additionally, palatal regions are suitable for mini-implant insertion as a result of keratinized tissues covering the palatal bones and because there are no or minimal potential soft tissue irritations.…”

Three-dimensional quantitative assessment of palatal bone height for insertion of orthodontic implants - a retrospective CBCT study

“…Their study, however, did not differentiate patients according to age or sex. A recent search of literature revealed a study correlating sex and growth variation regarding palatal bone thickness based on only eight measurement points in the palate [34]. Holm et al also differentiated between male and female patients and based their measurements on 40 measurement points projected on the palate [15].…”

Evaluation of the effects of the hybrid Pendulum in comparison with the conventional Pendulum appliance

“…This region was preferred since the greatest bone thickness was reported in the anterior paramedian part of the palatal bone and would therefore be relatively safe for miniscrew insertion. [18][19][20] Since bone thickness in this area varies depending on sex and age, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans have been recommended before insertion of orthodontic miniscrew. [18][19][20] However, CBCT evaluations were not performed in this study because of its retrospective design.…”