Gender and Other Factors Associated with the Nonmedical Use of Abusable Prescription Drugs

Simoni, Jane M.; Ritter, Grant; Strickler, Gail K.

doi:10.1081/ja-120027764

Cited by 219 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…One previous study concerning non-medical use of sedatives and tranquilizers showed that female gender was associated with non-medical tranquilizer but not sedative use (Simoni-Wastila et al, 2004). Our analysis does not differentiate between the two sub-types of medication.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Our findings should be cautiously compared to other studies (Conway et al, 2006;Goodwin and Hasin, 2002;Simoni-Wastila et al, 2004) given our exclusion of 12-18 year olds, the larger sample size we have employed and our focus on past-year rather than lifetime prevalence of substance use and psychiatric characteristics. One previous study concerning non-medical use of sedatives and tranquilizers showed that female gender was associated with non-medical tranquilizer but not sedative use (Simoni-Wastila et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on sedatives and tranquilizers among U.S. adults: Psychiatric and socio-demographic correlates

Becker

Fiellin

Desai

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Non-medical use of sedatives and tranquilizers carries risks including development of abuse/dependence. Such use may correlate with psychiatric symptoms.Methods-Cross-sectional survey, the 2002-2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Respondents 18 years and older (n=92,020). Bivariate and multivariable associations were investigated.Results-The prevalence of past-year non-medical use of sedatives or tranquilizers was 2.3%. Of those with non-medical use, 9.8% met criteria for abuse/dependence. On multivariable analysis, panic symptoms and elevated serious mental illness scores were associated with pastyear non-medical use. Also, the following past-year socio-demographic and substance use covariates were associated with past-year non-medical sedative or tranquilizer use: female sex, white/Hispanic/other ethnicity, criminal arrest, uninsurance, unemployment, alcohol abuse or dependence, cigarette use, illicit drug use, younger age of initiating illicit substance use, and any history of IV drug use. Among those with sedative or tranquilizer use, those with abuse/ dependence were more likely to have agoraphobic symptoms. In addition, they were more likely to be older, unmarried, have a low education level and have been arrested.Conclusions-Non-medical use of sedatives and tranquilizers is common. Furthermore, nearly 10% of those with non-medical use meet criteria for abuse/dependence. Anxiety symptoms associated with non-medical use (panic symptoms) and abuse/dependence (agoraphobia) should alert clinicians to screen for these problems and consider alternate treatment or referral.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on sedatives and tranquilizers among U.S. adults: Psychiatric and socio-demographic correlates

Becker

Fiellin

Desai

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Esse achado sugere um padrão de medicalização semelhante ao observado em mulheres adultas, que buscam alívio para seus problemas domésticos ou laborais através de "calmantes químicos". Essa associação entre gênero e consumo de medicamentos tem sido analisada em estudos direcionados para a população adulta, mas não para crianças e adolescentes 12,13 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Uso não-médico de medicamentos psicoativos entre escolares do ensino fundamental e médio no Sul do Brasil

et al. 2006

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O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar a prevalência de uso não-médico de medicamentos entre escolares da rede de ensino público e privado de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e sua distribuição em relação a fatores sócio-demográficos. Por meio de um delineamento transversal, foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento a 5.057 estudantes a partir da quinta série do ensino fundamental até o terceiro ano do ensino médio. O questionário continha perguntas sobre o uso, sem receita médica, de anfetamínicos, ansiolíticos, barbitúricos, anticolinérgicos, opiáceos, orexígenos e anabolizantes. Da amostra, 7,7% consumiram ansiolíticos alguma vez na vida, 6,4% consumiram anfetamínicos, 2,2%, anabolizantes, e 1,1%, barbitúricos. Estudantes do sexo feminino apresentaram maior consumo de ansiolíticos e anfetamínicos, enquanto que o consumo de anabolizantes foi maior no sexo masculino. O padrão de consumo de medicamentos psicoativos é semelhante ao observado em adultos, sugerindo a necessidade de inclusão de crianças e adolescentes nas campanhas educativas para prevenção do uso indevido de medicamentos.

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“…Despite the increasing concern about the recent rise in the extramedical use of opioid analgesics, only a few studies have investigated problems associated with their use (e.g., dependence symptoms) (Huang et al, 2006;Martins et al, 2007;Simoni-Wastila et al, 2004). Many of the concerns about the current "epidemic" and its associated problems are founded largely on anecdotal and clinical reports Zacny et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the patterns and distribution of opioid analgesic dependence symptoms using a latent empirical approach

Ghandour¹,

Martins²,

Chilcoat³

2008

Int J Methods Psych Res

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Prevalence of extramedical opioid analgesic use in the United States is rising, yet little is known about the nature and extent of problems of dependence related to the use of these drugs. This study uses latent class analysis to empirically define classes of past-year extramedical opioid analgesic users based on observed clustering of DSM-IV defined clinical dependence features; multinomial logistic regression is used to describe differences across these groups. The 2002-2003 public datafiles of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used to identify 7,810 extramedical opioid analgesic users in the past-year. The best-fitting four-class model identified classes that differed quantitatively and qualitatively, with 2% of the users in Class 4 (most severe) and 84% in Class 1 (least severe). Classes 2 and 3 had parallel symptom profiles, but those in Class 3 reported additional problems. Adolescents (12-17 year olds) were at higher odds of being in Class 3 vs. older age groups; Females were two times as likely to be in Classes 2 and 4, and those with mental health problems were at higher odds of belonging in the more severe classes. Differences by type of past year opioid users were also detected. This study sheds light on the classification and distribution of extramedical opioid analgesic dependence symptoms in the US general population, identifying subgroups that warrant immediate attention.

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Gender and Other Factors Associated with the Nonmedical Use of Abusable Prescription Drugs

Cited by 219 publications

References 26 publications

Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on sedatives and tranquilizers among U.S. adults: Psychiatric and socio-demographic correlates

Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on sedatives and tranquilizers among U.S. adults: Psychiatric and socio-demographic correlates

Uso não-médico de medicamentos psicoativos entre escolares do ensino fundamental e médio no Sul do Brasil

Understanding the patterns and distribution of opioid analgesic dependence symptoms using a latent empirical approach

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