Gender and Survival in Neuroblastoma

Pritchard, Jon; Barnes, Justin M.; Germond, S.M.; Wallendszus, Karl

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91336-6

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Children under 1–1.5 years of age can expect better treatment outcomes than older subjects, regardless of their favourable or unfavourable disease staging 5 , 87 – 90 . Gender is not considered to be a prognostic factor in risk stratification 87 , 88 , 91 ; however, several studies have indicated that female patients can expect more favourable prognosis according to survival analysis 89 , 90 , 92 . The SIOP Europe Neuroblastoma Group study demonstrated that boys with stage 1 disease without MYCN (v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived) gene amplification suffered more relapse episodes during the 5-year follow-up period than did female patients 93 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between CYP2B6 genetic variability and cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma

Mangó

Fekete

Kiss

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Cyclophosphamide, an oxazaphosphorine prodrug is frequently used in treatment of neuroblastoma, which is one of the most prevalent solid organ malignancies in infants and young children. Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is the major catalyst and CYP2C19 is the minor enzyme in bioactivation and inactivation pathways of cyclophosphamide. CYP-mediated metabolism may contribute to the variable pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its toxic byproducts leading to insufficient response to the therapy and development of clinically significant side effects. The aim of the study was to reveal the contribution of pharmacogenetic variability in CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 to the treatment efficacy and cyclophosphamide-induced side effects in pediatric neuroblastoma patients under cyclophosphamide therapy (N = 50). Cyclophosphamide-induced hematologic toxicities were pivotal in all patients, whereas only moderate hepatorenal toxicity was developed. The patients’ CYP2B6 metabolizer phenotypes were associated with the occurrence of lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and monocytopenia as well as of liver injury, but not with kidney or urinary bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis) toxicities. Furthermore, the patients’ age (< 1.5 years, P = 0.03) and female gender (P ≤ 0.02), but not CYP2B6 or CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotypes appeared as significant prognostic factors in treatment outcomes. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of CYP2B6 variability on cyclophosphamide-induced side effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between CYP2B6 genetic variability and cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma

Mangó

Fekete

Kiss

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Urinary HVA and VMA are catecholamine metabolites used since the 1970s as markers to assist in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with NB. 40,41 Authors investigated the diagnostic value of these two markers, assigning to these markers very high sensitivity (66-100%) and specificity (99%). 42,43 As described by the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), the rate of NB patients with positive VMA and/or HVA at diagnosis varies according to the stage, with high-stage tumors being more likely to have pathological values.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Laboratory Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroblastoma: Diagnostic and Clinical Aspects

et al. 2016

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Due to its many clinical and biologic characteristics, neuroblastoma (NB) is a polyhedric neoplasm. It is a very complex, extremely heterogeneous disease that can regress spontaneously even without therapy. However, it frequently shows a very aggressive behavior, refractory to current intensive multimodal therapy. The tumor, originating from primordial neural crest cells, is biochemically unique for its metabolic pathways of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism. Homovanillic acid (HVA), the main metabolite of dopamine, and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), the main metabolite of adrenalin and noradrenalin, are sensitive and convenient markers of NB since they are found in large amounts in patient's urine. The rate of NB patients with positive VMA and/or HVA at the diagnosis varies with the stage of the disease, with high-stage tumors being more likely to have abnormal levels. Other less specific NB tumor serum markers are neuron-specific enolase, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase. NB is one of the few pediatric tumors in which tumor markers have been shown to have a role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring.

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Current Challenges in Multi-player Game Search

Sturtevant

2006

Computers and Games

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Years of work have gone into algorithms and optimizations for twoplayer perfect-information games such as Chess and Checkers. It is only more recently that serious research has gone into games with imperfect information, such as Bridge, or game with more than two players or teams of players, such as Poker. This work focuses on multi-player game search in the card games Hearts and Spades, providing an overview of past research in multi-player game search and then presents new research results regarding the optimality of current search techniques and the need for good opponent modeling in multi-player game search. We show that we are already achieving near-optimal pruning in the games Hearts and Spades.

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Gender and Survival in Neuroblastoma

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Association between CYP2B6 genetic variability and cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma

Association between CYP2B6 genetic variability and cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma: Diagnostic and Clinical Aspects

Current Challenges in Multi-player Game Search

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