Gender as a prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Abstract

Objective To evaluate gender as a prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), using a retrospective review of patients with RCC stratified according to gender and analysing factors affecting prognosis. Patients and methods From January 1957 to December 1995, 768 patients with pathologically defined RCC (all of whom underwent nephrectomy) were classified as having clear cell carcinoma in 662 (follow-up in 648), papillary RCC in 43 (follow-up in 42), chromophobe cell carcinoma in 36 (follow-up in 34) and cyst-associated RCC in 27 (all followed up) according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. The survival rates were compared between men and women, calculated and stratified according to the subtype of RCC. Results There tended to be a more favourable prognosis in women than in men but the difference was not quite significant (P=0.061). Of those with clear cell carcinoma, women had a more favourable prognosis than men and the difference in survival was significant (P=0.012). No other subtype of RCC was associated with a significant difference in survival between the sexes. There was a smaller proportion of patients with stage IV and a larger proportion with stage I disease in women than in men (P<0.05). Of stage I patients, women had a more favourable prognosis than men (P<0.011). Women had better survival after recurrence than had men, the difference being significant (P=0.007). Conclusion The prognosis is significantly better in women than men with clear cell carcinoma. The factors that contribute to a favourable prognosis in women are the greater proportion of lower stage disease and better survival after recurrence.

Does overweight impact on the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma? A single center experience of 683 patients

“…However, BMI does not seem to contribute additional information to the established risk factors. Prognostic relevance of gender in favor of female patients, which has already been described previously by Onishi et al [30], was proven in our series.…”

Clinicopathological features of recurrence after radical surgery for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma

“…These findings are consistent with previously reported results. [4][5][6][7][9][10][11] Moreover, these factors, except for sex, were found to be significant predictors of disease recurrence by univariate analysis; however, multivariate analysis showed that only the pathological stage was an independent predictor of recurrence. In fact, the recurrence rate after surgery increased in accordance with the increase in pathological stage in this series; that is, tumor recurrence was shown in 8.0%, 22.2%, and 52.5% of patients with pT1, pT2, and pT3 disease, respectively.…”

“…1,9,10 For example, Ljungberg et al 1 reported the usefulness of a follow-up protocol considering pathological stage and DNA ploidy, while Onishi et al 9 proposed a surveillance protocol mainly based on pathological stage combined with nuclear grade. However, to date, a consistent follow-up scheme for patients with RCC after surgical resection has not been available, due to the complicated biological characteristics of recurrent cases.…”

Gender aspects in chronic myeloid leukemia: long-term results from randomized studies

“…4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17]30 Reports of a male survival advantage in cancer patients are rare. 31 The better survival of women with malignant diseases might just reflect their better general longevity, an earlier disease stage at diagnosis or a more favorable risk profile.…”

“…Recent examples are outcome in ischemic and nonischemic heart disease [1][2][3] and in solid neoplastic disorders such as malignant melanoma, [4][5][6] non-small-cell lung cancer treated with gefitinib and tipifarnib, [7][8][9] surgically treated colorectal cancer, 10 esophageal carcinoma, 11 renal cell carcinoma 12 and soft tissue sarcoma. 13,14 Gender differences in survival have been reported also in hematological malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease, 15 acute myeloid leukemia, 16 and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.…”