Gender-Based Analyses of Stress Among Professional Managers: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of stress among both female and male managers, using a series of single-sex and mixed focus groups. In addition to substantial similarities between female and male participants' descriptions about their experiences of stress (e.g., negative and positive aspects of stress, different levels of stress, lack of sleep, pressure, financial stressors, being a manager), a number of important gender differences emerged from their descriptions. These differences can be explained by the way in which gender continues to be socially constructed in society; specifically, there are differing gender role expectations and responsibilities for women and men. Female managers experienced "emotional stress," primarily because of the pressure to meet expectations of being responsible and caring for people both inside and outside of their home. In contrast, male managers tended to focus on themselves and regard other things as beyond their control or responsibility.

Correlation of sports activity with stress and satisfaction with life among adult Slovenians

“…Višja izobrazba v večini omogoča tudi višji družbeni status, boljšo službo in višji dohodek, s čimer je omogočena višja kakovost življenja (47). Ljudje z nižjo izobrazbo in posledično verjetno nižjim socialnim statusom se tudi manj ukvarjajo s športom, kar si je mogoče razlagati z manjšo športno ozaveščenostjo pa tudi s tem, da so določene športne dejavnosti povezane z večjimi gmotnimi stroški, ki si jih ne morejo privoščiti (49). Rezultati podpirajo splošno znano dejstvo, da izobrazba in z njo povezan dohodek v največji meri določata vsesplošno zadovoljstvo v življenju.…”

Estresse pré-operatório: comparação entre pacientes do SUS e conveniados

“…Entre os participantes que compuseram a amostra total, o sexo feminino teve uma maior ocorrência de estresse. Este dado suporta os resultados de outras pesquisas que relataram que o estresse parece ser mais freqüente em mulheres, tais como em estudos realizados em ambientes ocupacionais (Areias & Guimarães, 2004;Iwasaki, MacKay, & Ristock, 2004), em contextos escolares (Calais, 2003;Calais, Andrade, & Lipp, 2003), e em uma pesquisa sobre a prevalência do estresse em Pelotas (RS) (Sparrenberger, Santos, & Lima, 2003).…”

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“…There is a significant lack on women with adequate education and work experience to choose from for senior leadership positions. 22 Iwasaki, MacKay, Ristock (2004) explored the experiences of stress among both female and male managers. It could be researched that men and women experience stress differently.…”

“…Female managers feel responsible for work both inside and outside their homes. Iwasaki, MacKay, Ristock (2004) further report that male managers were primarily focused on themselves and regarded other affairs as beyond their control and responsibility. Moreover, the study found that female leaders tend to talk more extensively and emotionally how their family-home lives became a source of stress compared to male managers.…”