Gender difference in cardiovagal baroreflex gain in humans

Beske, Stacy D.; Alvarez, Guy E.; Ballard, Tasha P.; Davy, Kevin P.

doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2088

Cited by 80 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…10 Indeed, the gender-related difference in BRB in the present study was almost as great as the difference recently found between healthy adults and patients with long-standing essential hypertension. 10,16 Thus, consistent with previous reports of gender-related differences in other ANS-cardiovascular functions, [1][2][3][4]8,[23][24][25] the present findings indicate that subject gender is a major source of interindividual variability in tonic ANS support of BP and BRB of BP in healthy adult humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This effective blocking dose was maintained throughout the experimental session. Complete cardiovascular-autonomic blockade was documented by an absence of change in heart rate (Ͻ5 bpm) in response to the acute increase in BP (Ն15 mm Hg) produced by bolus administration of phenylephrine (25,50, and/or 100 g). BRB was measured in a subgroup of 14 women and 14 men (aged 26Ϯ1 and 27Ϯ1 years, respectively) as the potentiation of the SBP response to a standard 25-g bolus dose of phenylephrine during GB compared with before GB.…”

Section: Autonomic-cardiovascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women Have Lower Tonic Autonomic Support of Arterial Blood Pressure and Less Effective Baroreflex Buffering Than Men

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Autonomic-cardiovascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Have Lower Tonic Autonomic Support of Arterial Blood Pressure and Less Effective Baroreflex Buffering Than Men

et al. 2005

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“…27 In our study, it was not possible to analyze gender effects. Thus, our results should be restricted to measuring S-BRS decrease between 18 and 50 years in a male population.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Aging Process on Spectrally Determined Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity

et al. 2007

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Abstract-The interindividual age-related decrease in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was reported in many cross-sectional studies. However, the long-term intraindividual decrease in BRS has never been confirmed by longitudinal studies. Data obtained from a 5-year prospective study designed to assess the 5-year stress effects on blood pressure (BP) provided the opportunity to assess longitudinal aging process on spectrally determined BRS (S-BRS) using the cross spectral analysis. This analysis was carried out in 205 men aged between 18 and 50 years who had 2 valid beat to beat BP recordings (Finapress) at a mean 5-year interval. At inclusion and at end of follow-up, S-BRS was significantly correlated with age (rϭϪ0. 50, PϽ0.001, rϭϪ0.33, PϽ0.001 respectively). Interestingly, the slopes and the intercepts were not significantly different at a 5-year interval. This result is in favor of the good reproducibility of S-BRS. The attenuation with age of S-BRS was calculated at 3.6% a year. This decrease was slightly higher than the one obtained with the baseline data (2.3% per year). This longitudinal study provided, for the first time, an estimate of the slope of the age-related physiological S-BRS decrease in a mid-aged healthy male population. Our findings reinforce the interest of evaluating spontaneous BRS reported to predict hypertension and cardiovascular events in various populations. Key Words: mental stress Ⅲ baroreflex Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ reproducibility B aroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is a relevant index of the autonomic control of blood pressure (BP). Historically, BRS was determined using drug-induced BP and heart rate (HR) opposite variations. More recently, noninvasive techniques of determining spontaneous BRS have been implemented, 1-3 the spectral method being one of the most popular. The spectral determination of BRS (S-BRS) is a reliable measure of BRS because it has often been reported to be correlated with the pharmacologically determined BRS. 4 -7 S-BRS is easy to determine, and repeated measures are easy to make. Aging process on S-BRS has already been reported in several cross sectional studies. 8 -12 Such studies only report interindividual S-BRS variation with age. Thus, S-BRS has consistently been reported to decrease with age. Physiological aging in men was associated with a marked reduction in baroreflex buffering. A differential aging process on baroreflex buffering BP and cardiovagal baroreflex was reported. 10 The decrease in baroreflex buffering with aging was related to an increase in basal sympathetic nerve activity and to a reduction in systemic Alpha1-adrenergic vascular responsiveness whereas the decrease in cardiovagal baroreflex was related to a decrease in parasympathetic pathways. 10,13 However, to our knowledge, the intraindividual BRS alteration with age has never been reported. For that purpose, we analyzed the S-BRS 5-year aging process in a cohort of 205 healthy young men. This unique data set was extracted from a 5-year follow-up study designed to assess stress ...

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“…Women had a greater increase of heart rate during steady-state orthostatic stress. There have been many animal studies that indicate that estrogen supplementation enhances baroreceptor function in ovariectomized female animals (12,22,41); however, it has been shown that women have less sensitive baroreceptors than men (3,63). Therefore, the greater increase in heart rate is not likely due to differences in cardiovagal baroreflex gain, which would result in a smaller increase of heart rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

Edgell

Robertson

Hughson

2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Edgell H, Robertson AD, Hughson RL. Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men. J Appl Physiol 112: 1482-1493, 2012. First published February 23, 2012 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01204.2011.-Increased incidence of orthostatic hypotension and presyncopal symptoms in young women could be related to hormonal factors that might be isolated by comparing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to postural change in young and older men and women. Seven young women, 11 young men, 10 older women (Ͼ1 yr postmenopausal, no hormone therapy), and 9 older men participated in a supine-to-sit-to-stand test while measuring systemic hemodynamics, end-tidal PCO2, and blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Women had a greater reduction in stroke volume index compared with age-matched men (change from supine to standing: young women: Ϫ22.9 Ϯ 1.6 ml/m 2 ; young men: Ϫ14.4 Ϯ 2.4 ml/m 2 ; older women: Ϫ17.4 Ϯ 3.3 ml/m 2 ; older men: Ϫ13.8 Ϯ 2.2 ml/m 2 ). This was accompanied by offsetting changes in heart rate, particularly in young women, resulting in no age or sex differences in cardiac output index. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in older subjects and increased with movement to upright postures. Younger men and women had higher forearm vascular resistance that increased progressively in the upright posture compared with older men and women. There was no difference between sexes or ages in total peripheral resistance index. Women had higher MCA velocity, but both sexes had reduced MCA velocity while upright, which was a function of reduced blood pressure at the MCA and a significant reduction in end-tidal PCO2. The reductions in stroke volume index suggested impaired venous return in women, but augmented responses of heart rate and forearm vascular resistance protected MAP in younger women. Overall, these results showed significant sex and age-related differences, but compensatory mechanisms preserved MAP and MCA velocity in young women. cerebrovascular; sex; age; orthostatic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION (a condition that sometimes leads to fainting) is an important and sometimes dangerous condition that particularly affects young women during daily life, as reflected by admission to emergency rooms (51). It has been speculated that female sex hormones might modulate reflex neural or vascular properties, resulting in the greater incidence of orthostatic hypotension in young women (5,14,15,52,69). An additional indication of impaired orthostatic responses in women includes the observation that women have a greater propensity towards postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (18, 60).Contrary to observations for young women, clinical evidence supports the concept that orthostatic hypotension occurs less frequently in women ages 40 -60 yr (many of whom could be postmenopausal) (51). Investigations of men and women from 23-77 yr of age indicated that the heart rate response to tilt was reduced with aging, but vascular responses a...

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Gender difference in cardiovagal baroreflex gain in humans

Cited by 80 publications

References 32 publications

Women Have Lower Tonic Autonomic Support of Arterial Blood Pressure and Less Effective Baroreflex Buffering Than Men

Women Have Lower Tonic Autonomic Support of Arterial Blood Pressure and Less Effective Baroreflex Buffering Than Men

Aging Process on Spectrally Determined Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity

Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

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