Gender differences and areas of common concern in the driving behaviors and attitudes of adolescents

Harré, Niki; Field, Jeff; Kirkwood, Barry

doi:10.1016/0022-4375(96)00013-8

Cited by 164 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, older boys were more likely than girls to drink alcohol in cars and use alcohol and marijuana at and/or before school. These gender differences are consistent with previous research on males engaging in more risky behaviors than females, including drinking and driving (Harré et al, 1996). Similarly, males are more likely than females to break school rules (Lahey et al, 2000), which may manifest in using alcohol before and during school.…”

Section: Gender Differencessupporting

confidence: 89%

Where and When Adolescents Use Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana: Comparisons by Age, Gender, and Race

Goncy

Mrug

2013

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examined the location and time of adolescent use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Age, gender, and racial differences in location and time of use were studied for each substance. Method: Using cross-sectional data collected through the schoolwide Pride Survey, 20,055 students between the ages of 10 and 19 years (53.6% female, 55.1% Black, 44.9% White) in one metropolitan area reported on their frequency of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use, as well as the location and time of use of each substance. Chi-square tests compared the rates, locations, and times for each substance across boys and girls; Black and White students; and early, middle, and late adolescents. Results: Older adolescents reported higher rates of substance use at friends' homes, at school, and in cars and lower rates of alcohol use at home compared with younger youth. Males were more likely to report alcohol and marijuana use at school and on weeknights and alcohol use in cars, whereas females were more likely to report alcohol and marijuana use on the weekends. No gender differences emerged for times and locations of cigarette use. Compared with Black youth, White adolescents were more likely to use all substances at friends' homes and on weekends; to smoke cigarettes at school, in the car, and on weeknights; and to use alcohol at home. Black adolescents were more likely to report using alcohol at home, at school, in cars, during and after school, and on weeknights and were more likely to report using marijuana at school. Conclusions: The location and time of adolescent substance use vary substantially by age, gender, and race. These differences may help tailor substance use prevention and intervention programs to specifi c subgroups of youth to improve program effectiveness. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 74, 288-300, 2013)

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Section: Gender Differencessupporting

confidence: 89%

Where and When Adolescents Use Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana: Comparisons by Age, Gender, and Race

Goncy

Mrug

2013

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…It can be concluded that females are less skillful drivers than males, which increases the severity of their accidents which conforms to other similar studies (14,25,27). The results also prove males to exhibit more risky driving behaviors and to be less compliant with traffic regulations, which is consistent with other researches on drivers in Tehran (61) and other countries (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Risky behaviors and neglecting laws and regulations lead to higher accident frequency among 113-2 males (21-23). Harré, et al (24) stated that young male drivers have considerably more risky behaviors than young females. In comparison with females, risky driving habits among male drivers play a major role in fatal loss-of-control crashes (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Sex Differences on Road Crash Severity

Razi-Ardakani¹,

Ariannezhad²,

Kermanshah³

2018

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering (ICCSTE'18)

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-This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the severity of urban crashes among male and female drives. Traffic crashes occurred in Tehran, Iran during the year 2009 were utilized in this research. The observations were divided into two groups based on driver's gender. Two crash severity models were estimated for each group using binary logit model in which dependent variable included damage only crashes and injury/fatal crashes. Pseudo-elasticity values were calculated to better compare the male and female drivers and understand the exact effect of each variable. The results showed that factors such as increased driver's age, noneducated drivers, weekend, nighttime and intersections have increased the crash severity in both male and female drivers. Among human factors which affect the crash severity, violating the rules, speeding, unnecessary haste and diversion to left, increased the crash severity in males, while lack of driving experience, loss of control and vehicle mechanical defect increased the females' crash severity. Furthermore, accidents involving male drivers were more severe in clear and foggy weather conditions, while female drivers were observed to have more severe crashes in rainy weather. Significant differences in contributing factors to severity of crashes in male and female drivers prove that discrete policies for these two groups of drivers should be adopted. The obtained results suggested that in order to improve the safety of roads and to encourage drivers to obey driving laws, educational programs about males' driving habits should be adopted.

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“…Compared with females, males are at much greater risk of being injured or killed in road trauma and are more likely to engage in risky behaviours such as speeding and drink driving (e.g., Harré, Field, & Kirkwood, 1996). Thus, despite representing the intended target of many of the high fear-based appeals, it seems that males are not being persuaded by such messages (or, at least, relatively less so than their female counterparts; Lewis et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Negative Versus Positive Message-relevant Affect: An Overviementioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of message-relevant affect in road safety messages: Should road safety advertisements aim to make us feel good or bad?

Lewis¹,

Watson²,

White³

2008

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

106

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Drawing upon the multiple roles of affect posited by Elaboration Likelihood Model, the current paper examines the effectiveness of message-relevant affect. Specifically, humorous and fearevoking anti-drink driving messages are examined in terms of perceptions of relative influence on self and others (i.e., the third-person effect) and their performance on a range of persuasion outcomes. The influence of involvement, response efficacy, and gender on persuasion outcomes is also examined. Participants (N = 201) viewed two advertisements and completed two questionnaires: the first assessed pre-exposure attitudes and behaviour and immediate-post exposure attitudes and intentions; the second, 2 to 4 weeks later, assessed attitudes and behaviour.The results revealed, as predicted, interactions of the key variables and evidence of the greater persuasiveness of negative appeals immediately after exposure whilst greater improvement of positive appeals over time. The findings highlight the importance of continuing the exploration of positive appeals as a persuasive alternative to negative appeals.

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Gender differences and areas of common concern in the driving behaviors and attitudes of adolescents

Cited by 164 publications

References 19 publications

Where and When Adolescents Use Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana: Comparisons by Age, Gender, and Race

Where and When Adolescents Use Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana: Comparisons by Age, Gender, and Race

A Study of Sex Differences on Road Crash Severity

An examination of message-relevant affect in road safety messages: Should road safety advertisements aim to make us feel good or bad?

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