Gender differences in active musculoskeletal stiffness. Part II. Quantification of leg stiffness during functional hopping tasks

Granata, Kevin P.; Padua, Darin A.; Wilson, Sara E.

doi:10.1016/s1050-6411(02)00003-2

Cited by 251 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This reduced dynamic stability of the leg in females compared to males may indicate increased likelihood of stain on the passive support structures of the knee in maintaining joint stability during landing in females compared to males which, in turn, may be a contributory factor in the increased incidence of non-contact ACL injury in females compared to males. Granata, Padua, and Wilson (2002) reported leg stiffness to be significantly greater in males than females when hopping, supporting the findings of the present study. Mean values of leg stiffness reported by Granata, Padua, and Wilson (2002) were 33.9 kN/m ± 4.2 for males and 26.3 kN/m ± 6.5 for females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Whilst studies have examined gender differences in leg stiffness during two-legged hopping (Granata, Padua, and Wilson 2002), to our knowledge no study has investigated gender differences in leg stiffness during tasks in which non-contact ACL injury is common, such as landing. Furthermore, previous studies (Granata, Padua, and Wilson 2002;Farley and Morgenroth 1999) only report absolute leg stiffness without normalising for body weight and height.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, previous studies (Granata, Padua, and Wilson 2002;Farley and Morgenroth 1999) only report absolute leg stiffness without normalising for body weight and height. Since leg stiffness is the combined effect of the stiffness in the hip, knee and ankle joints, the lower leg stiffness in females compared to males reported by Granata, Padua, and Wilson (2002) may be due, at least in part to reduced stiffness of one or more of the hip, knee and ankle joints in females compared to males. These differences in leg stiffness and possibly joint stiffness may indicate less dynamic stability of the legs in females compared to males 6 which may in some way account for the greater incidence of ACL injury in females compared to males.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower Limb Coordination and Stiffness During Landing from Volleyball Block Jumps

Hughes

Watkins

2008

Research in Sports Medicine

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Abstract.The aim of the study was to investigate lower limb coordination and stiffness in five male and five female university volleyball players performing block jump landings. Coordination was assessed using angle -angle plots of the hip -knee, knee -ankle and hip -ankle joint couplings and discrete relative phase (DRP) of right -left joint couplings (i.e. left knee coupled with right knee). Leg stiffness was calculated as the ratio of the change in vertical ground reaction force (GRF) to the change in vertical displacement of the centre of gravity between ground contact and maximum vertical GRF. Knee stiffness was calculated as the ratio of the change in knee joint moment to the change in knee flexion angular displacement between ground contact and maximum knee joint moment. Comparison of the DRP angles between left and right legs indicated reduced symmetry between the left and right legs in females compared to males which may indicate greater likelihood of ligament strain in females compared to males. Furthermore, females exhibited reduced stability in the coordination between the left and right knee joints than males. Males exhibited significantly greater absolute and normalised leg stiffness and significantly greater absolute and normalised knee joint stiffness during landing compared to females. In conjunction with the coordination data, this may indicate reduced dynamic stability of the leg in females compared to males which may contribute to the greater incidence of ACL injury in females compared to males.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower Limb Coordination and Stiffness During Landing from Volleyball Block Jumps

Hughes

Watkins

2008

Research in Sports Medicine

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“…It has been suggested that the gender difference in knee stiffness may in part be a consequence of anthropometric factors (Granata et al, 2002, Hsu et al, 2006. Indeed, the result of normalizing the stiffness estimates by body size was to decrease the gap between males and females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decreased passive stiffness may place the joint at a higher risk of injury and could be a factor in the observed gender difference in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (Agel et al, 2005, Uhorchak et al, 2003. Gender differences in passive joint stiffness may in part be explained by variation in anthropometric and anatomical factors between genders, such as height, body mass, and joint alignment (Granata et al, 2002, Hsu et al, 2006. However, as of yet, few studies have sought to quantify the association between these anthropometric/anatomical factors and estimates of the joint passive stiffness, specifically in the frontal plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential effects of gender, anthropometry, and prior hormonal state on frontal plane knee joint stiffness

Cammarata

Dhaher

2008

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background-Gender differences in passive frontal plane knee stiffness may contribute to the increased anterior cruciate ligament injury rate in females. Gender-based stiffness differences have been attributed to anthropometric variations, but little data exist describing this relationship. Furthermore, sex hormone levels appear to influence joint stiffness, but the differential effects of instantaneous and prior hormonal concentrations remain unknown. This study sought to explore the effect of gender, prior hormonal status, and anthropometry on passive frontal plane knee joint stiffness.

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Neuromuscular adaptations and correlates of knee functionality following ACL reconstruction

Bryant

Kelly

Hohmann

2007

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The objective of this research was to examine the dynamic restraint mechanism by establishing the neuromuscular characteristics of lower extremity muscles in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) subjects. This study also investigated neuromuscular variables that relate to post-ACLR functional outcome. Thirteen patients having undergone ACLR using the bone patella tendon bone graft at least 6 months prior participated in this study. Knee functionality (0-to 100-point scale) was rated using the Cincinnati Knee Rating System. The median frequency of the electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles together with the isokinetic quadriceps torque generated in 108 intervals between 808 and 108 knee flexion was determined for the noninvolved and involved limbs. Lower limb musculotendinous stiffness was also assessed for the noninvolved and involved limbs. Limb symmetry indexes were calculated for each of the physiological measures. Compared to the noninvolved limb, the median frequency of the EMG from the involved limb VM and VL muscles was significantly lower as was the quadriceps torque generated at the seven knee flexion intervals. In contrast, musculotendinous stiffness was significantly higher in the involved lower limb compared to the noninvolved limb. Significant, moderate correlations were identified between knee functionality and symmetry indexes for all variables except for the isokinetic quadriceps torque produced between 808-708 and 208-108 knee flexion. More functional ACLR subjects demonstrated enhanced motor unit recruitment reflective of less quadriceps muscle fiber atrophy together with increased quadriceps strength and musculotendinous stiffness of the lower limb musculature. ß

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Gender differences in active musculoskeletal stiffness. Part II. Quantification of leg stiffness during functional hopping tasks

Cited by 251 publications

References 48 publications

Lower Limb Coordination and Stiffness During Landing from Volleyball Block Jumps

Lower Limb Coordination and Stiffness During Landing from Volleyball Block Jumps

The differential effects of gender, anthropometry, and prior hormonal state on frontal plane knee joint stiffness

Neuromuscular adaptations and correlates of knee functionality following ACL reconstruction

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