Gender differences in circulating bubble production after SCUBA diving

Boussuges, Alain; Retali, Gerald; Bodéré-Melin, Mathilde; Gardette, B; Carturan, D.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2009.00884.x

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…While these observations were not the primary goal of this study, the groups can provide additional data on the impact of gender on diving responses. We only observed a significant difference in BG, where the median bubble grade was lower by one grade at nearly every time point in the female group (Table ) when compared to the males following each individual dive, which is consistent with previous research (Boussuges et al ., ). Interestingly, there was no significant difference in body fat percentage or VO 2max (Table ) which are both parameters that would be expected to be different between these groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The impact of predive exercise on repetitive SCUBA diving

Madden

Barak

Thom

et al. 2014

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The impact of predive exercise on repetitive SCUBA diving

Madden

Barak

Thom

et al. 2014

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…16 healthy male divers volunteered to participate in the study. Since sex influences bubble production after a SCUBA dive [6] and right-to-left shunting is dependent on the menstrual cycle [19], we recruited only male divers from the Croatian Navy Force, who had similar training levels at the time of the study. Diving experience ranged from 5 to 25 years with 100 to 3 000 dives.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevations in Intra-cranial blood flow velocities following a SCUBA Dive and the Influence of Post-dive Exercise

et al. 2016

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The effect that a SCUBA dive has on cerebral blood flow (CBF) at rest and during exercise is poorly understood. We examined the hypothesis that the altered hemodynamic parameters following a SCUBA dive will lead to differential changes in CBF at rest and during exercise. 16 divers completed a field-based study with a single dive at a depth of 18 m sea water with a 47-min bottom time. A follow-up laboratory based study was conducted - 1 week later. Intra-cranial velocities were measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) pre-dive, post-dive at rest and throughout incremental exercise until exhaustion. Following the dive at rest, middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) was elevated 15 and 30 min after surfacing (by 3.3±5.8 and 4.0±6.9 cm/s, respectively; p<0.05); posterior cerebral artery velocity (PCAv) was increased at 30 min after surfacing (by 3.0±4.5 cm/s; p<0.05). During exercise following the dive, both MCAv and PCAv increased up to 150W followed by a decrease towards baseline at 180W (p<0.05). We found no difference in CBV during exercise between field and laboratory studies (p<0.05). The novel finding of this study is the transient elevation in resting intra-cranial velocities within 30 min following a SCUBA dive.

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“…Furthermore, the result of this study shows irrespective of the experimental condition (Ex or No-Ex), there is a correlation between measured venous gas emboli and the subjects' age and body fat, respectively. The fact that increases in the diver's age and body fat percentage are associated with a higher production of circulatory bubbles has already been reported many times in previous scientific studies (Carturan and Boussuges 2002;Boussuges and Retali 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Endurance exercise immediately before sea diving reduces bubble formation in scuba divers

et al. 2010

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Previous studies have observed that a single bout of exercise can reduce the formation of circulating bubbles on decompression but, according to different authors, several hours delay were considered necessary between the end of exercise and the beginning of the dive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single bout of exercise taken immediately before a dive on bubble formation. 24 trained divers performed open-sea dives to 30 msw depth for 30 min followed by a 3 min stop at 3 msw, under two conditions: (1) a control dive without exercise before (No-Ex), (2) an experimental condition in which subjects performed an exercise before diving (Ex). In the Ex condition, divers began running on a treadmill for 45 min at a speed corresponding to their own ventilatory threshold 1 h before immersion. Body weight, total body fluid volume, core temperature, and volume of consumed water were measured. Circulating bubbles were graded according to the Spencer scale using a precordial Doppler every 30 min for 90 min after surfacing. A single sub-maximal exercise performed immediately before immersion significantly reduces bubble grades (p < 0.001). This reduction was correlated not only to sweat dehydration, but also to the volume of water drunk at the end of the exercise. Moderate dehydration seems to be beneficial at the start of the dive whereas restoring the hydration balance should be given priority during decompression. This suggests a biphasic effect of the hydration status on bubble formation.

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Gender differences in circulating bubble production after SCUBA diving

Abstract: Overall, we observed fewer circulating bubbles in women than in men after an open sea SCUBA dive. This difference disappeared in the postmenopausal women.

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

The impact of predive exercise on repetitive SCUBA diving

The impact of predive exercise on repetitive SCUBA diving

Elevations in Intra-cranial blood flow velocities following a SCUBA Dive and the Influence of Post-dive Exercise

Endurance exercise immediately before sea diving reduces bubble formation in scuba divers

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