Gender Differences in Depression in an Employment Setting

Maffeo, Patricia A.; Ford, T.; Lavin, Patrick F.

doi:10.1080/00223891.1990.9674064

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Lower skilled occupations, lower occupational levels and blue-collar workers were associated with more anxiety and/or depression (Kleppa et al, 2008 ; Maffeo et al, 1990 ; Rose et al, 2006 ). The Maffeo et al ( 1990 ) study found that higher level managers had significantly fewer symptoms of depression than other occupation categories including trade and labour.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace risk factors for anxiety and depression in male-dominated industries: a systematic review

Battams

Roche

Fischer

et al. 2014

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

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Background and Aims: Working conditions are an important health determinant. Employment factors can negatively affect mental health (MH), but there is little research on MH risk factors in male-dominated industries (MDI). Method: A systematic review of risk factors for anxiety and depression disorders in MDI was undertaken. MDI comprised ≥ 70% male workers and included agriculture, construction, mining, manufacturing, transport and utilities. Major electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Informit, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus) were searched. Each study was categorised according to National Health and Medical Research Council's hierarchy of evidence and study quality was assessed according to six methodological criteria. Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Four categories of risk were identified: individual factors, team environment, work conditions and work–home interference. The main risk factors associated with anxiety and depression in MDI were poor health and lifestyles, unsupportive workplace relationships, job overload and job demands. Some studies indicated a higher risk of anxiety and depression for blue-collar workers. Conclusion: Substantial gaps exist in the evidence. Studies with stronger methodologies are required. Available evidence suggests that comprehensive primary, secondary and tertiary prevention approaches to address MH risk factors in MDI are necessary. There is a need for organisationally focused workplace MH policies and interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace risk factors for anxiety and depression in male-dominated industries: a systematic review

Battams

Roche

Fischer

et al. 2014

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

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show abstract

“…Seven [15,16,18,20,21,23,24] studies examined gender differences in severity of depression. Four of those [16,20,21,24] found no gender differences and 3 studies [15,18,23] found that women get higher total scores on depression rating scales than men. In table 1, the studies performed in clinical samples are summarized.…”

Section: Studies Performed In Broader Samples Of Depressive Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Severity, Symptomatology and Distribution of Melancholia in Major Depression

Stage

Kragh-Soerensen

2003

Psychopathology

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Background: Studies of gender differences in the clinical presentation of depression have provided divergent results. This study aimed at analyzing gender differences in severity, symptomatology and distribution of melancholia in major depression. Sampling and Methods: The study comprised 930 in- and out-patients (652 women, 278 men) from 6 randomized controlled trials. All patients fulfilled DSM-III or DSM-III-R criteria for major depression. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) was applied to all patients. A multi-axial evaluation was completed using the Newcastle 1 Depression Rating Scale from 1965 for melancholia (N1) in a subsample of patients (n = 439). A factor analysis on the HDS was performed. Non-parametric statistical tests were used and only gender differences greater than 20% were considered clinically relevant. Results: The median on the HDS total score was 22 and the median number of symptoms was 13 for both men and women. Presentation of specific symptoms was similar for men and women. The factor analysis revealed no gender differences, and neither did analyses on symptoms of Axes II and IV. According to the N1, 80% of the men and 66% of the women suffered from melancholic depression (p = 0.004). Conclusions: In a large and broad sample of in- and out-patients with major depression, the severity and symptomatology of depression were similar for men and women. Melancholic depression was significantly more frequent among male than female patients. Inclusion and exclusion criteria in the randomized controlled trials provided a selected group of patients, which limited the generalisability of the results to an exclusive subgroup of patients treated for depression in routine clinical practice.

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“…Unsurprisingly, depression in men has been found to be associated with a number of features that are not found on the list of traditional diagnostic criteria. For example, depression in men has been found to be associated with rigid adherence to traditional masculine gender roles (Heifner, 1997), masculine gender role conflict (Good & Wood, 1995), work, concentration, and performance-related difficulties (Maffeo, Ford, & Lavin, 1990;Vredenburg, Krames, & Flett, 1986), and increased interpersonal conflict (Williamson, 1987). In addition to these gender role-related associations, young men with a history of dysthymia were found to use projective and outwardly directed aggressive defenses and were perceived by others as antagonistic and disagreeable (Gjerde, Block, & Block, 1988).…”

Section: Depression In Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based assessment with men

Cochran

2005

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Men are almost universally underrepresented in psychological clinics and practices in the United States. One possible explanation for this underrepresentation is that men frequently conceal or obscure their emotional difficulties as a consequence of masculine gender role socialization. Men who subscribe to traditional, Western masculine values may be inclined to hide, minimize, or otherwise have difficulty expressing their psychological suffering, rendering this suffering difficult for clinicians to observe, diagnose, and treat. This manuscript describes an approach to the assessment process with men that integrates clinical reports on assessment and psychotherapy with men, values pertaining to our culture's construction of traditional masculinity, and empirical findings on psychological disorders more commonly observed in men.

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Gender Differences in Depression in an Employment Setting

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Workplace risk factors for anxiety and depression in male-dominated industries: a systematic review

Workplace risk factors for anxiety and depression in male-dominated industries: a systematic review

Gender Differences in Severity, Symptomatology and Distribution of Melancholia in Major Depression

Evidence-Based assessment with men

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