Gender Differences in Global Functional Connectivity During Facial Emotion Processing: A Visual MMN Study

Zhang, Jian; Dong, Xiaonan; Wang, Luyao; Zhao, Lun; Weng, Zizheng; Zhang, Tianyu; Sui, Junyu; Go, Ritsu; Huang, Qiang; Wu, Jinglong; Yan, Tianyi

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00220

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Much of the previous work on sex differences in the human brain have focused on anatomical features, such as volume, surface area, and white matter track attributes [23][24][25][26] . However, there is growing evidence of sex differences in functional connectivity as well 23,25,[27][28][29] . A recent machine learning approach was able to accurately classify sex based on rsFC, with many of the most substantial differences in the frontal regions 28 , supporting related earlier studies of neural sex differences 30,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robustness of sex-differences in functional connectivity over time in middle-aged marmosets

Nephew

Febo

Cali

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are an essential research model for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms of neurocognitive aging in our own species. In the present study, we used resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) to investigate the relationship between prefrontal cortical and striatal neural interactions, and cognitive flexibility, in unanaesthetized common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) at two time points during late middle age (8 months apart, similar to a span of 5–6 years in humans). Based on our previous findings, we also determine the reproducibility of connectivity measures over the course of 8 months, particularly previously observed sex differences in rsFC. Male marmosets exhibited remarkably similar patterns of stronger functional connectivity relative to females and greater cognitive flexibility between the two imaging time points. Network analysis revealed that the consistent sex differences in connectivity and related cognitive associations were characterized by greater node strength and/or degree values in several prefrontal, premotor and temporal regions, as well as stronger intra PFC connectivity, in males compared to females. The current study supports the existence of robust sex differences in prefrontal and striatal resting state networks that may contribute to differences in cognitive function and offers insight on the neural systems that may be compromised in cognitive aging and age-related conditions such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robustness of sex-differences in functional connectivity over time in middle-aged marmosets

Nephew

Febo

Cali

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…To account for this additional activity, several suggestions are made: (i) different characteristics of the tasks performed during scanning, (ii) gender mismatch between pianists and controls in Meister et al (10 female subjects & 2 male subjects for pianists vs 7 female subjects & 5 male subjects for controls), and (iii) gender mismatch within the pianist group in Meister et al (10 female subjects vs 2 male subjects). Considering the last decade's findings that have reported differences in functional connectivity and network topology between women and men in various cognitive tasks (Douw et al 2011;Gootjes et al 2006;Pavlova et al, 2015;Tomasi and Volkow 2012;Zhang et al 2018), it seems methodologically justified to match genders between and within groups.…”

Section: Investigating Fractional Anisotropy (Fa) Changes Induced By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of motor expertise: Extensive motor training and cortical changes

Calmels

2020

Brain Research

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Studies targeting cortical changes that occur with motor expertise are reviewed. • Changes at local and network levels occur induced by lenghty-extensive training. • Cortical changes in experts are seen in areas related to the execution of the task. • Coexistence of different patterns between various areas makes it arduous to interpret. • sMRI and fMRI studies probing changes in large-scale complex networks are recommended. A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Motor expertise Cortical changes Extensive and intensive training sMRI fMRI A B S T R A C TOver the last two decades, there were many investigations on motor expertise but inconsistencies across findings exist. Thus, to unravel these discrepancies, we conducted a novel literature review, applying stricter inclusion criteria relative to those used in previous reviews. Consequently, this paper reviews the most recent MRI and fMRI literature which investigated structural and functional changes underlying motor expertise, defined as being the result of intensive and extensive motor training reflected by a sheer volume of at least several thousand hours. Changes were documented on a local level and on a network level where interactions between pairs of brain components were mainly considered. This review reveals that changes occur induced by lengthy-extensive motor training and that this training shapes the human brain in areas related to the execution of the task. It also highlights the coexistence of different cortical patterns within and between various brain areas/systems which makes it difficult to interpret. Using a large-scale complex network approach based on graph theory facilitates the identification of organizational patterns in brain network and thus enable interpretation. Other recommendations for future research are: attention to participant recruitment, use of histological/biochemical techniques, and combination of sMRI and task-free/task-related fMRIs.

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“…The significance level was set at p < 0.05, and high significance was set at p < 0.01. The previously described methods of statistical analysis have been verified by other experimental studies (Zhang et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Enhancing Working Memory Based on Mismatch Negativity Neurofeedback in Subjective Cognitive Decline Patients: A Preliminary Study

Pei

Yang

Shi

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Mismatch negativity (MMN) is suitable for studies of preattentive auditory discriminability and the auditory memory trace. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an ideal target for early therapeutic intervention because SCD occurs at preclinical stages many years before the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). According to a novel lifespan-based model of dementia risk, hearing loss is considered the greatest potentially modifiable risk factor of dementia among nine health and lifestyle factors, and hearing impairment is associated with cognitive decline. Therefore, we propose a neurofeedback training based on MMN, which is an objective index of auditory discriminability, to regulate sensory ability and memory as a non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) in SCD patients. Seventeen subjects meeting the standardized clinical evaluations for SCD received neurofeedback training. The auditory frequency discrimination test, the visual digital N-back (1-, 2-, and 3-back), auditory digital N-back (1-, 2-, and 3-back), and auditory tone N-back (1-, 2-, and 3-back) tasks were used pre- and post-training in all SCD patients. The intervention schedule comprised five 60-min training sessions over 2 weeks. The results indicate that the subjects who received neurofeedback training had successfully improved the amplitude of MMN at the parietal electrode (Pz). A slight decrease in the threshold of auditory frequency discrimination was observed after neurofeedback training. Notably, after neurofeedback training, the working memory (WM) performance was significantly enhanced in the auditory tone 3-back test. Moreover, improvements in the accuracy of all WM tests relative to the baseline were observed, although the changes were not significant. To the best of our knowledge, our preliminary study is the first to investigate the effects of MMN neurofeedback training on WM in SCD patients, and our results suggest that MMN neurofeedback may represent an effective treatment for intervention in SCD patients and the elderly with aging memory decline.

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Gender Differences in Global Functional Connectivity During Facial Emotion Processing: A Visual MMN Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Robustness of sex-differences in functional connectivity over time in middle-aged marmosets

Robustness of sex-differences in functional connectivity over time in middle-aged marmosets

Neural correlates of motor expertise: Extensive motor training and cortical changes

Enhancing Working Memory Based on Mismatch Negativity Neurofeedback in Subjective Cognitive Decline Patients: A Preliminary Study

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