Gender differences in obtaining and maintaining patent rights

Asymmetries in Art Markets

“…This is suggestive of higher historical institutional supply-side hurdles and is supportive of a selection mechanism whereby only the most talented female artists enter the profession. Similar dynamics have also recently been observed in a study involving a field experiment on a large online Q&A forum (Bohren, Imas, & Rosenberg) as well as for the case of the referee process in academic journals (Hengel), patent applications (Jensen, Kovács, & Sorenson, 2018) as well as investment advice (Botelho & Abraham, 2017;Egan, Matvos, & Seru, 2017). Second, we show that women are less likely to be sold in the secondary (auction) market, where artists traded who have a resale value.…”

“…These findings are consistent with the most recent working paper by Cameron et al (2017) who find a premium for female artworks traded at auction within a sample of Yale graduates. A higher bar for women was also found in recent studies within the area of academia where journal papers abstracts by women had to be better written than the abstracts of male authors (Hengel) and science where patent application by women were found to be subject to higher scrutiny (Jensen et al, 2018). Furthermore, Bohren et al found that women are subject to higher standards in an online Q&A platform when no task history certifying their reputation is available.…”

Male pupils taught by female homeroom teachers show a higher preference for Corporate Social Responsibility in adulthood

“…Since we aimed to collect over 10,000 observations, the survey was active until 10,000 observations were collected. Indeed, 12,176 respondents were asked to fill in the 10 According to Jensen et al (2018), female inventors have a disadvantage in the process of obtaining and maintaining patents. However, patents authored by women who were not easily identified as women were cited more frequently.…”

Yes We Can, But How? Women’s Representation in Global Business

“…Male scientists and engineers are more than twice as likely to file for patents on their innovations than women are. Women-only patent applications are more likely to be rejected by the US Patent and Trademark Office, and when they are approved, they are more likely to be required to provide greater specificity in the details, thus reducing the patents' commercial value (Jensen, Kovacs, & Sorenson, 2018). This gender disparity is important, given that scientific and technical patents tend to create a strong multiplier effect, sustaining many jobs and providing significant stimulus to local economies.…”