Gender Differences in Time-Poverty in Rural Mozambique

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThe study examines the nature and extent of time poverty experienced by men and women in subsistence households in Mozambique. Gender roles, shaped by patriarchal norms, place heavy work obligations on women. Time-use data from a primary household survey in Mozambique is used for this analysis. The main findings suggest that women's labor allocation to economic activities is comparable to that of men. Household chores and care work are women's responsibility, which they perform with minimal assistance from men. The heavy burden of responsibilities leave women time poorer, compared to 50% of women, only 8% of men face time constraints. Women's time poverty worsens when the burden of simultaneous care work is taken into account. Not only women work longer hours, due to multi-tasking, the work tends to be more taxing. The examination of determinants of time poverty show that measures of bargaining power like assets and education do not necessarily affect time poverty faced by women. Preliminary draft AbstractThe study examines the nature and extent of time poverty experienced by men and women in subsistence households in Mozambique. Gender roles, shaped by patriarchal norms, place heavy work obligations on women. Time-use data from a primary household survey in Mozambique is used for this analysis. The main findings suggest that women's labor allocation to economic activities is comparable to that of men. Household chores and care work are women's responsibility, which they perform with minimal assistance from men. The heavy burden of responsibilities leave women time poorer, compared to 50% of women, only 8% of men face time constraints. Women's time poverty worsens when the burden of simultaneous care work is taken into account. Not only women work longer hours, due to multi-tasking, the work tends to be more taxing. The examination of determinants of time poverty show that measures of bargaining power like assets and education do not necessarily affect time poverty faced by women.

Problems with Biogas Implementation in Developing Countries from the Perspective of Labor Requirements

“…Therefore, the actual time daily spent on biogas production might be more important than the other benefits of biogas. Moreover, spending additional time on biogas production can pose significant problems, especially for rural women who are already strapped for time (i.e., below time poverty line) [1,2,53]. Ignoring the importance of time for its operation and focusing on the general benefits, namely on reduction of indoor air pollution, deforestation, and its slurry use alone, may not help in the adoption and use of the technology.…”

“…Spending much time on firewood collection affects the time for other activities, especially in rural areas where women are traditionally in charge of several household chores. This is shown in the survey made in rural Sub-Saharan Africa where over 50% of the women are reported as time-poor [1,2]. The time women spend on walking and carrying firewood is a big concern due to increasing deforestation that will cause the distance to the resource source to become larger, requiring extra time.…”

Gender norms and intrahousehold allocation of labor in Mozambique: A CGE application to household and agricultural economics

“…2 We are grateful to a referee of this paper who suggested an extension of the analysis to types of households in order to capture heterogeneity effects. 3 For details on data collection, see Appendix D in the Supporting Information and Arora (2015).…”

“…Difficulties in assigning a monetary value to household activities such as cleaning, cooking, and care work group discussions and interviews conducted in 2013 in the Nampula region suggest that most smallholders are constrained by seed availability and other inputs required for cultivating the land. 11 Data from time-use surveys suggests that men usually have substantial more leisure time than women (Bardasi & Wodon, 2010;Arora, 2015). We, therefore, assume endogenous productivity only for the woman as she is more likely to be time-poor compared to the man and to experience falling labor productivity due to excessive workload.…”

“…For further discussion of how these time-use estimates compare with those from other developing countries, seeArora (2015).6 For details of how these factors affect time poverty of men and women, seeArora (2015) andBardasi and Wodon (2010).…”