Gender discrimination in health-care expenditure: An analysis across the age-groups with special focus on the elderly

Mondal, Bidisha; Dubey, Jay Dev

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113089

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Marital status, in addition to education, was significantly associated with gender‐related discrimination against the elderly and an overall trend of gender disparity. As most of the elderly women experienced widowhood followed by economic deprivation, their hospital expenditures were proportionately less than for their male counterparts 19 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 21 articles reported on a total of 611 608 participants. Of these studies, 19 were cross-sectional in design, [6][7][8][9][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and two were qualitative studies. 27,28 Most of the studies (n = 11) were from the Western Pacific region, followed by the American region (n = 5), the European region (n = 4), and the South-East Asian region (n = 1).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As most of the elderly women experienced widowhood followed by economic deprivation, their hospital expenditures were proportionately less than for their male counterparts. 19 Wealth-related discrimination More than half of the studies (n = 12) reported incomeor wealth-related discrimination. 6,8,13,14,[16][17][18]21,22,[24][25][26] The majority of the studies were conducted in China except one in South Korea, 14 one in the USA, 18 and one in Italy, Spain, and Portugal.…”

Section: Gender Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination against the elderly in health‐care services: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Ageism in health‐care services is a cardinal public health concern in geriatric health. It is important to know the types and extent of discrimination experienced by elderly individuals while seeking health care. This systematic review aimed to explore the available research to identify discrimination of elderly individuals in health‐care services. MEDLINE through PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database were searched by using a comprehensive search strategy in September 2020 with no limitation in the year of publication and types of publication. Articles published in English focusing on disparities in health‐care service among the elderly were included. Two independent authors screened, extracted, and assessed the quality of data using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted followed by qualitative content analysis to identify themes from the extracted outcomes of the included studies. Of 3117 articles retrieved from the initial search, 21 articles were included. A total of 611 608 participants from 38 countries in four geographic regions were reported. Articles were published between 2003 and 2020. Most of the studies (n = 19) were cross‐sectional in design, and the remaining two studies were qualitative. Major themes of discrimination were age‐related discrimination, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, wealth‐related discrimination, and technology‐related discrimination. This systematic review identified the major perspectives on disparities faced by the elderly in accessing health services. There is a huge research gap on this issue. Specific strategies should be incorporated to address the varying types of discrimination experienced by elderly individuals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gender Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination against the elderly in health‐care services: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…En la presente investigación se analizó el estado de los derechos de los adultos mayores en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas como resultado de la relación familiar, social e institucional público-privado. Los hallazgos demuestran que, contrario a la amplia documentación acerca de la vulneración de los derechos de las personas pertenecientes a este grupo etario en entornos institucionales, tanto privados como públicos (por ejemplo, Adams, 2012;Mondal & Dubey, 2020;Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2020;Supromin & Choonhakhlai, 2017), en el caso de esta provincia, sus derechos son violentados, principalmente, en entornos sociales y familiares.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ahora bien, a tenor de las preocupaciones señaladas por HRW, desde la academia, la temática de la vulneración de los derechos de los adultos mayores también ha sido una de las mayores preocupaciones abordadas en la literatura de los últimos años. En este contexto, en Europa y Asia, varios estudios se han enfocado en comprender las experiencias de las personas mayores dentro de un marco que evidencia un proceso de estereotipos y discriminación sistemáticos y cómo estas prácticas podrían brindar elementos que permitan mejorar las políticas para aumentar la prevención, la promoción de su salud y su inclusión social (Doron et al, 2018;Frączkiewicz-Wronka et al, 2019;Love & Lynch, 2018;Mondal & Dubey, 2020;Yang et al, 2018).…”

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Derechos constitucionales y realidad local de los adultos mayores. Un estudio en Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Vélez¹

2021

RihumSo

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Representation of Women Among Individuals With Mild Variants in ABCA4-Associated Retinopathy

Cornelis,

IntHout,

Runhart

et al. 2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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ImportancePrevious studies indicated that female sex might be a modifier in Stargardt disease, which is an ABCA4-associated retinopathy.ObjectiveTo investigate whether women are overrepresented among individuals with ABCA4-associated retinopathy who are carrying at least 1 mild allele or carrying nonmild alleles.Data SourcesLiterature data, data from 2 European centers, and a new study. Data from a Radboudumc database and from the Rotterdam Eye Hospital were used for exploratory hypothesis testing.Study SelectionStudies investigating the sex ratio in individuals with ABCA4-AR and data from centers that collected ABCA4 variant and sex data. The literature search was performed on February 1, 2023; data from the centers were from before 2023.Data Extraction and SynthesisRandom-effects meta-analyses were conducted to test whether the proportions of women among individuals with ABCA4-associated retinopathy with mild and nonmild variants differed from 0.5, including subgroup analyses for mild alleles. Sensitivity analyses were performed excluding data with possibly incomplete variant identification. χ2 Tests were conducted to compare the proportions of women in adult-onset autosomal non–ABCA4-associated retinopathy and adult-onset ABCA4-associated retinopathy and to investigate if women with suspected ABCA4-associated retinopathy are more likely to obtain a genetic diagnosis. Data analyses were performed from March to October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of women per ABCA4-associated retinopathy group. The exploratory testing included sex ratio comparisons for individuals with ABCA4-associated retinopathy vs those with other autosomal retinopathies and for individuals with ABCA4-associated retinopathy who underwent genetic testing vs those who did not.ResultsWomen were significantly overrepresented in the mild variant group (proportion, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.56-0.62; P &lt; .001) but not in the nonmild variant group (proportion, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.46-0.54; P = .89). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. Subgroup analyses on mild variants showed differences in the proportions of women. Furthermore, in the Radboudumc database, the proportion of adult women among individuals with ABCA4-associated retinopathy (652/1154 = 0.56) was 0.10 (95% CI, 0.05-0.15) higher than among individuals with other retinopathies (280/602 = 0.47).Conclusions and RelevanceThis meta-analysis supports the likelihood that sex is a modifier in developing ABCA4-associated retinopathy for individuals with a mild ABCA4 allele. This finding may be relevant for prognosis predictions and recurrence risks for individuals with ABCA4-associated retinopathy. Future studies should further investigate whether the overrepresentation of women is caused by differences in the disease mechanism, by differences in health care–seeking behavior, or by health care discrimination between women and men with ABCA4-AR.

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Gender discrimination in health-care expenditure: An analysis across the age-groups with special focus on the elderly

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Discrimination against the elderly in health‐care services: a systematic review

Discrimination against the elderly in health‐care services: a systematic review

Derechos constitucionales y realidad local de los adultos mayores. Un estudio en Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Representation of Women Among Individuals With Mild Variants in ABCA4-Associated Retinopathy

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