Gender Disparity in the Risk of Hypertension in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder

Kao, Wei-Tsung; Chang, Chia‐Hung; Lin, Chi‐Hung; Wu, Shang-Liang; Lin, Shang-Lun; Lung, For‐Wey

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00541

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, hypertension and CHD have much higher prevalence rates than COPD and CKD, which might be a basic reason for more cases of serious COVID-19 in males. Sex differences were also reported in hypertension with depressive order and coronary artery disease [ 25 , 26 ], which represented that male had a higher risk of suffering from hypertension beyond protective role of estrogens [27] . Meantime, female smokers had accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), who were more vulnerable to COPD and had a high risk of hospitalization and death with age [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for developing into critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background The ferocious global assault of COVID-19 continues. Critically ill patients witnessed significantly higher mortality than severe and moderate ones. Herein, we aim to comprehensively delineate clinical features of COVID-19 and explore risk factors of developing critical disease. Methods This is a Mini-national multicenter, retrospective, cohort study involving 2,387 consecutive COVID-19 inpatients that underwent discharge or death between January 27 and March 21, 2020. After quality control, 2,044 COVID-19 inpatients were enrolled. Electronic medical records were collected to identify the risk factors of developing critical COVID-19. Findings The severity of COVID-19 climbed up straightly with age. Critical group was characterized by higher proportion of dyspnea, systemic organ damage, and long-lasting inflammatory storm. All-cause mortality of critical group was 85•45%, by contrast with 0•58% for severe group and 0•18% for moderate group. Logistic regression revealed that sex was an effect modifier for hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD), where hypertension and CHD were risk factors solely in males. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of critical illness associated with hypertension, CHD, tumor, and age ≥ 60 years for male, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), tumor, and age ≥ 60 years for female. Interpretation We provide comprehensive front-line information about different severity of COVID-19 and insights into different risk factors associated with critical COVID-19 between sexes. These results highlight the significance of dividing risk factors between sexes in clinical and epidemiologic works of COVID-19, and perhaps other coronavirus appearing in future. Funding .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for developing into critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study

et al. 2020

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“…Females have a major prevalence of the depressive disorder, but depressed men are at higher risk of developing hypertension, possibly because of an unhealthier lifestyle (1,6,7). Fertile women carry a lower risk vs. postmenopausal women, suggesting the involvement of sex hormones, further confirmed by the similar risk between postmenopausal women and men (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Antidepressant Drugs Effects on Blood Pressure

Calvi

Fischetti

Verzicco

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Individuals suffering from depressive disorders display a greater incidence of hypertension compared with the general population, despite reports of the association between depression and hypotension. This phenomenon may depend, at least in part, on the use of antidepressant drugs, which may influence blood pressure through different effects on adrenergic and serotoninergic pathways, as well as on histaminergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic systems. This review summarizes extant literature on the effect of antidepressant drugs on blood pressure. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are characterized by limited effects on autonomic system activity and a lower impact on blood pressure. Thus, they represent the safest class—particularly among elderly and cardiovascular patients. Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, particularly venlafaxine, carry a greater risk of hypertension, possibly related to greater effects on the sympathetic nervous system. The norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine is considered a safe option because of its neutral effects on blood pressure in long-term studies, even if both hypotensive and hypertensive effects are reported. The dopamine–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor bupropion can lead to blood pressure increases, usually at high doses, but may also cause orthostatic hypotension, especially in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The norepinephrine–serotonin modulators, mirtazapine and mianserin, have minimal effects on blood pressure but may rarely lead to orthostatic hypotension and falls. These adverse effects are also observed with the serotonin-reuptake modulators, nefazodone and trazodone, but seldomly with vortioxetine and vilazodone. Agomelatine, the only melatonergic antidepressant drug, may also have limited effects on blood pressure. Tricyclic antidepressants have been associated with increases in blood pressure, as well as orthostatic hypotension, particularly imipramine. Oral monoamine–oxidase inhibitors, less frequently skin patch formulations, have been associated with orthostatic hypotension or, conversely, with hypertensive crisis due to ingestion of tyramine-containing food (i.e., cheese reaction). Lastly, a hypertensive crisis may complicate antidepressant treatment as a part of the serotonin syndrome, also including neuromuscular, cognitive, and autonomic dysfunctions. Clinicians treating depressive patients should carefully consider their blood pressure status and cardiovascular comorbidities because of the effects of antidepressant drugs on blood pressure profiles and potential interactions with antihypertensive treatments.

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“…Therefore, propensity scores can be thought of as an advanced matching technique that makes possible the comparison of populations with very different sizes and distributions according to possible confounding variables [26]. This approach, considering exposed and non-exposed patients or those without a condition and not a treatment or an intervention, has been previously used by other authors [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Psm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalizations for Community-Acquired and Non-Ventilator-Associated Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Spain: Influence of the Presence of Bronchiectasis. A Retrospective Database Study

Sánchez-Muñoz

López‐de‐Andrés

Hernández-Barrera

et al. 2020

JCM

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To examine and compare in-hospital mortality (IHM) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) among patients with or without bronchiectasis (BQ) using propensity score matching. A retrospective observational epidemiological study using the Spanish Hospital Discharge Records, 2016–17. We identified 257,455 admissions with CAP (3.97% with BQ) and 17,069 with NV-HAP (2.07% with BQ). Patients with CAP and BQ had less comorbidity, lower IHM, and a longer mean length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) than non-BQ patients. They had a higher number of isolated microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In patients with BQ and NV-HAP, no differences were observed with respect to comorbidity, in-hospital mortality (IHM), or mean length of stay. P. aeruginosa was more frequent (p = 0.028). IHM for CAP and NV-HAP with BQ was 7.89% and 20.06%, respectively. The factors associated with IHM in CAP with BQ were age, comorbidity, pressure ulcers, surgery, dialysis, and invasive ventilation, whereas in NV-HAP with BQ, the determinants were age, metastatic cancer, need for dialysis, and invasive ventilation. Patients with CAP and BQ have less comorbidity, lower IHM and a longer mean length of hospital stay than non-BQ patients. However, they had a higher number of isolated microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In patients with BQ and NV-HAP, no differences were observed with respect to comorbidity, in-hospital mortality, or mean length of stay, but they had a greater frequency of infection by P. aeruginosa than non-BQ patients. Predictors of IHM for both types of pneumonia among BQ patients included dialysis and invasive ventilation.

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Gender Disparity in the Risk of Hypertension in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Risk factors for developing into critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study

Risk factors for developing into critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study

Antidepressant Drugs Effects on Blood Pressure

Hospitalizations for Community-Acquired and Non-Ventilator-Associated Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Spain: Influence of the Presence of Bronchiectasis. A Retrospective Database Study

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