Gender Dysphoria: Bioethical Aspects of Medical Treatment

Abstract

Gender affirmation surgery remains one of the greatest challenges in transgender medicine. In recent years, there have been continuous discussions on bioethical aspects in the treatment of persons with gender dysphoria. Gender reassignment is a difficult process, including not only hormonal treatment with possible surgery but also social discrimination and stigma. There is a great variety between countries in specified tasks involved in gender reassignment, and a complex combination of medical treatment and legal paperwork is required in most cases. The most frequent bioethical questions in transgender medicine pertain to the optimal treatment of adolescents, sterilization as a requirement for legal recognition, role of fertility and parenthood, and regret after gender reassignment. We review the recent literature with respect to any new information on bioethical aspects related to medical treatment of people with gender dysphoria.

Gender Dysphoria disrupting the course of treatment of a recurrent Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an adolescent female - a case report.

“…Doctors need to give the best care for the patient's health, according to the Hippocratic Oath and the principles of medical ethics. This should also be understood as challenges associated with the therapeutic process, as in this case [9]. GD patients require a multidisciplinary approach [1].…”

“…It should be noted that, in the case of recurrent JGCT, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the recommended method [16,17]. However, in the case of such a young patient, gynecologists should also take care of her reproductive health [1,9]. Even the slightest chance to avoid such radical surgery should be considered by experts and applied if possible, as in the case of this patient.…”

“…The patient insisted on her arguments, and the parents wanted her to choose, but only after coming of age. After a fertility sparing operation, she may undergo surgical sex-change procedures in the future and, additionally, fertility preservation procedures [6,9,18]. There would be no such possibility after radical surgery.…”

Gender Dysphoria Disrupting the Course of Treatment of a Recurrent Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an Adolescent Female: A Case Report

“…Doctors need to give the best care for the patient's health, according to the Hippocratic Oath and the principles of medical ethics. This should also be understood as challenges associated with the therapeutic process, as in this case [ 7 ]. GD patients require a multidisciplinary approach [ 1 ].…”

The Transgender Person in the 21st Century: Time for Clinicians of the World to Help!

“…We applaud these efforts and recommend that st con nued progress in this concept occur as the 21 century con nues. The transgender person is at the cross-roads of (bio)-ethics, law, poli cs, religion and science in the la er part st [35][36][37] of the 21 century's second decade.…”