Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey

Abstract

for providing very useful comments on the draft of this paper. All remaining errors are mine. The findings expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank.

Gender wage gap across the distribution: What is the role of within- and between-firm effects?

“…The SES dataset has clear advantages over surveys based on household data, as the information on hours and earnings are based on employer records considered the most reliable (Cebeci, 2015). Moreover, as it is a linked employer-employee dataset, it enables comparisons between the hourly wages of men and women working at the same establishment through within-establishment analysis.…”

“…Constructed by the author: age−years of schooling−6. Years of schooling are taken as 5 years for primary school and below, 8 years for primary education and secondary education, 11 years for high school and vocational high school, and 14 years for higher education following Cebeci (2015).…”