Gender equality's impact on female directors’ efficacy: A multi-country study

Belaounia, Samia; Tao, Ran; Hong, Zhao

doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101737

Cited by 58 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Therefore, regarding our third hypothesis, our result is consistent with Hossain and Kryzanowski (2020), Srivastava et al (2018) and Nguyen (2020). In fact, existing research has proven that a greater female presence in the BoD increases profitability ratios and reduces capital risk expenditures in countries with greater gender diversity (Belaounia et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Sustainability in the food and beverage sector and its impact on the cost of equity

Jiménez

Zorio‐Grima

2021

BFJ

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PurposeThe objective of this paper is to analyze in an international setting the relationship between environmental disclosures, carbon emissions and gender equality on the board of directors with the cost of equity (CoE) in the food and beverage sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample includes 142 listed firms and 1,562 firm-observations from 35 developed and developing countries between 2009 and 2019. The authors implement a fixed-effects regression model to contrast the impact of the three sustainable variables of interest on the CoE.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that firms in the food and beverage industry benefit from a lower CoE due to better environmental disclosures and gender equality. On the other hand, carbon intensive firms are penalized with higher equity costs.Originality/valueThis study expands prior research on the effects of sustainable behavior on the CoE in the food and beverage industry by taking into account additional sustainability variables and a greater number of observations, both from developed and from developing countries.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Sustainability in the food and beverage sector and its impact on the cost of equity

Jiménez

Zorio‐Grima

2021

BFJ

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“…Still, Mohan and Chen [26] showed no relationship. This paper recommends that board gender diversity enhances bank performance in Chinese CBs because female directors benefit banks that can observe their board of directors [27,28]. Therefore, considering the performance of Chinese CBs, we submit the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 1 (H1).…”

Section: Gender Diversity and Bank Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding gender diversity, we measured gender diversity to estimate the contribution of female directors in the bank governance framework. We measured female board representation by the proportion of female directors on a board, following earlier studies [27,54]. CEO duality was estimated by a binary variable coded; "1" if the board's CEO and Chairman were the same person and 2 for a different one.…”

Section: Description Of Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated by Adams and Ferreira [27], the investigation of female directors and bank performance concerns endogeneity problems, as bank performance plays the role of a motivator for females to connect with the boards and the boards' inspiration to expand the contribution rate of female executives. In this situation, we used a two-step framework GMM to identify the possible endogeneity issue in our analysis.…”

Section: Regression Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Corporate Performance and Bank Productivity in China: The Moderating Role of Independent Directors

Khan

Wang

2021

Sustainability

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Corporate governance (CG) is not an abstract goal. It exists to serve the bank’s purpose by giving a framework through which investors, directors, and the top management can efficiently follow its objectives. Subsequently, it boosts the financial performance of the bank for its shareholders. This paper explores CG and its impacts on financial performance from the evidence collected from selected commercial banks (CB) in China. The data sample for this research comprises selected CBs in China for the period from 2008 to 2019. Applying selection standards provides us a data sample of 17 CBs. We employed the generalized method of moments (GMM) regression model constructed on 170 observations to identify the variables’ relationship. Our findings show that female independent directors positively and significantly affect bank financial performance. Despite the literature review, we found that the existence of female directors alone does not positively and significantly improve banks’ financial performance. The finding suggests that female directors are more efficient when they are selected as independent directors. The findings show that CEO duality affects bank financial performance positively and significantly. CEO duality strengthens the financial performance of CBs because of the solidarity of the order it presents. The results also show that CEO shareholding and financial performance of Chinese CBs have a positively significant bond with each other. This result suggests that a blend of CG instruments is more impressive than one CG component. The investigation results added a new dimension to the governance literature that could be an important source of knowledge for policymakers and regulators to improve the current governance structure for better performance across countries. This paper support principal-agent theory and the author also provide some help for the theories that regulators should support gender quotas in the board of directors of banks to decrease risk-taking behavior.

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“…Factors such as social, environmental, finance, government policies and support, external and internal, experience as well as skill acquisition have been used as the measuring parameters to substantiate the claims on gender disparity of ownership, management, performance and entrepreneurship sustainability (Shava & Rungani 2014, Chaudhuri et al 2018. In a study where 2000 entrepreneurs from 24 countries were included, Belaounia et al (2020) categorized business ownership and management into those that were female dominated and those with less female participatory management. They confirmed a better result for female dominated organizations using performance index, earnings management and risk-taking ability than the male managers.…”

Section: Effect Of Gender On Sustainable Entrepreneurship Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Gender Differences in Sustainable Entrepreneurship Indicators Amongst SMEs in South Africa? Application of MANOVA

Ogujiuba¹,

Olamide²,

Agholor³

et al. 2021

IJFR

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In addition to the contributions and relevance of entrepreneurship activities to economic growth and development of countries, various factors have equally been advanced as responsible for the success stories of entrepreneurship sustainability worldwide. However, the influence of success factors on gender ownership of entrepreneurship activities is a relatively new aspect in the field of research that has not gained much academic attention in the literature especially in South Africa. This debate is so important in the face of the various agitations for equal participation of women and the inconclusive debate that women are better managers of business enterprises. In this article, using the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) technique, we examined the extent to which sustainable entrepreneurship indicators (finance, social and environmental) account for any disparity in gender ownership and management of business enterprises in South Africa. A stratified sampling method was adopted for the survey. Our analytical technique (MANOVA) created a new summary dependent variable, which is a linear combination of each of our original dependent variables. Confidence intervals of 95% and margins of error (3%) were used to validate the results. Findings indicate that the only difference that exists as per gender ownership disparity is around financial resources. There is therefore a need to realign programmes and policies to reduce this gendered inequality.

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Gender equality's impact on female directors’ efficacy: A multi-country study

Cited by 58 publications

References 105 publications

Sustainability in the food and beverage sector and its impact on the cost of equity

Sustainability in the food and beverage sector and its impact on the cost of equity

Evaluating Corporate Performance and Bank Productivity in China: The Moderating Role of Independent Directors

Are There Gender Differences in Sustainable Entrepreneurship Indicators Amongst SMEs in South Africa? Application of MANOVA

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