Gender inequality and depression among medical students: A global meta-regression analysis

Pacheco, João Pedro Gonçalves; Silveira, Júlia Belizário; Ferreira, Raphael Paiva Cock; Lo, Kenneth; Schineider, Jenyfer Regonini; Giacomin, Henrique Ton Azevedo; Tam, Wilson W.S.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.013

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In particular, Malaysians suffer from the worst gender inequity among Southeast Asian countries, with a World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index of 0.68 [ 85 ]. Several recent studies have documented the disastrous consequences of gender inequality on women’s mental health [ 86 , 87 , 88 ], as observed in our study. Prompt actions are needed in order to achieve gender justice in Malaysia, so as to address the burden of depression and other public health problems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitutions and Psychological Determinants of Depression among University Students in Malaysia: A Pilot Study

Yap

Foo

Lim

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Depression is commonly observed in university students, who are a high risk group for developing psychiatric disorders during adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions and psychological determinants among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted between 9 and 28 September 2020 among 80 university students in Malaysia. Participants completed online survey questionnaires, including the validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CMCQ), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) stress subscale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), which assess depression, body constitution, dysfunctional attitude, stress, perceived stress, and self-esteem. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associated risk factors for depression. The overall prevalence of depression among university students was 33.8%. The multiple regression analysis showed a significant relationship between depression and qi-stagnation constitution (B = 0.089, p = 0.011), balanced constitution (B = −0.077, p = 0.049), and self-esteem (B = −0.325, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that some traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions and self-esteem are significant risk factors affecting depression among university students. Identifying risk factors of depression is vital to aid in the early detection of depression among university students.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitutions and Psychological Determinants of Depression among University Students in Malaysia: A Pilot Study

Yap

Foo

Lim

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Obtivemos participação de 173 acadêmicos, o que representou uma taxa de resposta de 90,5% e manutenção do predomínio do sexo masculino: 93 homens (53,7%). A idade mediana dos participantes foi de 24 (22)(23)(24)(25)(26) Diagnóstico prévio ou atual de depressão foi relatado por 17 (9,8%) participantes, 23 (13,3%) já realizaram tratamento psicológico e 12 (6,9%) fizeram tratamento medicamentoso. Ansiedade foi o transtorno relatado mais frequentemente associado nessa população: 41 (23,7%) dos participantes.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi significativamente maior em mulheres, o que é corroborado pela literatura na população em geral e em universitários de Medicina de outras partes do mundo 1,4,6,9,16 . Maiores níveis de marcadores inflamatórios, neurotróficos e serotoninérgicos 21 , diferenças no perfil hormonal 22 e fatores socioculturais como desigualdade de gênero 23 podem explicar a maior sintomatologia depressiva em mulheres.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Prevalência de Sintomas Depressivos em Estudantes de Medicina com Currículo de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas

Maia

Assunção

Silva

et al. 2020

Rev. bras. educ. med.

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Resumo: Introdução: A depressão é um distúrbio heterogêneo, com etiologia, evolução e resposta terapêutica variadas, com relatos de aumento crescente na incidência entre os jovens. Dois objetivos nortearam este estudo: estimar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos entre acadêmicos de Medicina de uma universidade com métodos ativos de aprendizagem e investigar possíveis associações com variáveis sociodemográficas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo. Aplicaram-se um questionário eletrônico com variáveis sociodemográficas e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Foram realizadas análise univariada e regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: Avaliamos 173 discentes, com discreta predominância de rapazes (n = 93, 53,7%) e idade mediana de 24 (22-26) anos. Verificaram-se sintomas depressivos em 46,2% (n = 80), dos quais 33,5% (n = 58) leves, 9,2% (n = 16) moderados e 3,4% (n = 6) graves. Sexo feminino (p = 0,032) e insatisfação com a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas - ABP (p < 0,001) se associaram de forma independente aos sintomas depressivos em regressão logística multivariada, com aumento na chance de sintomas depressivos de 2 e 3,5 vezes, respectivamente. Os fatores morar com os pais, ter outros diagnósticos psiquiátricos e praticar regularmente atividade física se associaram aos sintomas depressivos apenas em análise univariada. Conclusão: Os acadêmicos de Medicina apresentaram significativa prevalência de sintomas depressivos. A associação dos sintomas depressivos com insatisfação com o método ABP pode fomentar reflexões sobre a conduta pedagógica e as deficiências na aplicação da metodologia ABP na referida universidade. Ressaltamos a importância da implementação da atividade física no projeto pedagógico e curricular do curso de Medicina como estratégia para a promoção de saúde mental e física nos discentes.

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“…Female students showed a 1.79-times higher risk of anxiety, compared to male students [7]. A previous meta-analysis estimated a pooled risk ratio of 1.30 in prevalence of depression in female students as compared to their male counterparts, and gender inequality increased depression among female students [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Longitudinal Associations of Perceived Social Inequality and Subjective Socioeconomic Status with Anxiety and Depression in University Students

Noh

Shim

2021

Korean J Str Res

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Background: This study examined the longitudinal associations of perceived social inequality (PSI) and subjective socioeconomic status (SSS) with anxiety and depression. Methods: Data were collected across three time-points over a full semester in 2016 in South Korea. Participants completed an online self-report survey, and data from 247 participants were analyzed. Results: Older age was associated with lower PSI in treatment of women, and higher SSS was associated with lower overall PSI, particularly regarding the opportunity for advancement and law enforcement. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses indicated that higher PSI was associated with clinical depression (OR=1.56) and lower SSS with clinical anxiety (OR=1.39) and depression (OR=1.38). Female students were also associated with clinical anxiety (OR=5.89) and depression at a marginally significant level (OR=1.93). Higher odds of anxiety were observed in students whose mothers have a high-school education as compared to those whose mothers have a university education or above (OR=2.29). Conclusions: Current results suggest the need to address the perceived social inequality and subjective socioeconomic status in the management of anxiety and depression in university students.

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Gender inequality and depression among medical students: A global meta-regression analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitutions and Psychological Determinants of Depression among University Students in Malaysia: A Pilot Study

Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitutions and Psychological Determinants of Depression among University Students in Malaysia: A Pilot Study

Prevalência de Sintomas Depressivos em Estudantes de Medicina com Currículo de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas

Longitudinal Associations of Perceived Social Inequality and Subjective Socioeconomic Status with Anxiety and Depression in University Students

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