Gender Inequality and Economic Growth in Korea

Kim, Jin‐Young; Lee, Jong-Wha; Shin, Kwanho

doi:10.1111/1468-0106.12181

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The simulation results hinge on our chosen set of specific assumptions about the model structure and its 16 See our subsequent research on the Republic of Korea (Kim, Lee, and Shin 2015). parameters. Theoretically, a more extensive framework can be developed to incorporate other important variables affecting gender inequality, like the allocation of female entrepreneurial talent, social norms against gender equality, mobility of female workers across regions and occupations, endogenous determination of labor market discrimination, child labor, endogenous determination of bargaining power between wives and husbands, and so on.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Gender Inequality and Economic Growth

Kim

Lee²,

Park³

2016

SSRN Journal

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This paper introduces a model of gender inequality and economic growth that focuses on the determination of women's time allocation among market production, home production, child rearing, and child education. The theoretical model is based on Agénor (2012), but differs in several important dimensions. The model is calibrated using microlevel data of Asian economies, and numerous policy experiments are conducted to investigate how various aspects of gender inequality are related to the growth performance of the economy. The analysis shows that improving gender equality can contribute significantly to economic growth by changing females' time allocation and promoting accumulation of human capital. We find that if gender inequality is completely removed, aggregate income will be about 6.6% and 14.5% higher than the benchmark economy after one and two generations, respectively, while corresponding per capita income will be higher by 30.6% and 71.1% in the hypothetical gender-equality economy. This is because fertility and population decrease as women participate more in the labor market. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term "country" in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Notes: 1. In this publication, "$" refers to US dollars. 2. ADB recognizes "Korea" as the Republic of Korea.The ADB Economics Working Paper Series is a forum for stimulating discussion and eliciting feedback on ongoing and recently completed research and policy studies undertaken by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff, consultants, or resource persons. The series deals with key economic and development problems, particularly those facing the Asia and Pacific region; as well as conceptual, analytical, or methodological issues relating to project/program economic analysis, and statistical data and measurement. The series aims to enhance the knowledge on Asia's development and policy challenges; strengthen analytical rigor and quality of ADB's country partnership strategies, and its subregional and country operations; and improve the quality and availability of statistical data and development indicators for monitoring development effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Gender Inequality and Economic Growth

Kim

Lee²,

Park³

2016

SSRN Journal

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“…This category includes incentives such as:  Tax incentives for hiring or promoting women  Tax incentives for female entrepreneurs or female-owned/managed businesses  Tax incentives for firms to provide services such as child care, parental leave, and training In the Republic of Korea, for example, private firms receive tax credits if they employ female workers who wish to reenter to the labor market after childrearing. 47 Another example is a tax deduction scheme in Malaysia to encourage employers to train women reentering the workforce (see Country Example 4). However, in general, gender-specific tax incentives are not widely used, and the literature covering them is notably sparse.…”

Section: Tax Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women at Work: How Can Investment Incentives be Used to Enhance Economic Opportunities for Women?

Kronfol¹,

Nichols²,

Tran³

2019

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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“…To the best of my knowledge, Kim et al () is the only study that investigates the impact of gender inequality on long‐term economic growth in Korea. Most studies focus on the effect of the glass ceiling on Korean labour market outcomes using microdata.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of the glass ceiling on aggregate output is not studied extensively in the existing literature. Most studies focus on the theory of the glass ceiling (Bjerk, ; Lazear & Rosen, ), the effect of a reduction in gender discrimination in the labour market on aggregate output or income per capita (Cavalcanti & Tavares, ; Kim, Lee, & Shin, ; Ngai & Petrongolo, ), and the effect of the glass ceiling on labour market outcomes using microdata (Kang, ; Kim, ). In a recent study, Cuberes and Teignier () focused on the effect of the glass ceiling on aggregate output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Output cost of gender discrimination in the Korean labour market

Lee

2018

Pacific Economic Review

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This study constructs and calibrates a macroeconomic model that explains Korea's glass ceiling and examines the output cost of gender discrimination. The model is based on the span‐of‐control framework in Lucas (1978). It is assumed that the source of the glass ceiling is women requiring more managerial skill than men to be considered for promotion. According to simulation results, without the glass ceiling, besides an increase in the share of female managers, aggregate output also increases by 8.4%. The output gain from a glass ceiling removal policy is monotonic because the number of workers continues to decline while the number of managers increases gradually. This implies that the more effective the policy implementation, the greater the increase in output.

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Gender Inequality and Economic Growth in Korea

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

A Model of Gender Inequality and Economic Growth

A Model of Gender Inequality and Economic Growth

Women at Work: How Can Investment Incentives be Used to Enhance Economic Opportunities for Women?

Output cost of gender discrimination in the Korean labour market

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