Gender Issues in Academic Hospital Medicine: a National Survey of Hospitalist Leaders

Herzke, Carrie; Bonsall, Joanna; Bertram, Amanda; Yeh, Hsin Chieh; Apfel, Ariella; Cofrancesco, Joseph

doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05527-0

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Other traditionally masculinized specialties, such as cardiology or neurology, are changing and have reached greater feminization, but they are still far from matching women's overall representation. 12,13 The type of hospital does not seem to affect gender inequality in the leadership of health centers, either, 14 and in fact, in our study, the differences are maintained or even increased in regional hospitals, as in the case of a lower proportion of women among the clinical heads (despite a greater number of female heads of service). These differences could also be related to the greater power that this type of hospital holds within the administration as a whole.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Gender Gap in the Leadership of Health Institutions: The Influence of Hospital-Level Factors

2021

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Objective: To analyze whether the increased representation of women in the health field is accompanied by a greater presence in leadership positions in the public health system and whether there are differences according to the hospital level. Methods: A descriptive study of the distribution of leadership positions by sex and type of hospital within the health centers of a regional public health system. Results: In total, 74.01% of the professionals were women. The representation of women in management positions was 33.1%, and among service chiefs, it was 24.01%. In the service headings, we observed that surgical specialties had a lower representation of women (30.9% in medical specialties vs. 18.1% in surgical specialties, p <0.0001). By type of hospital, no differences were found in the management positions, but there were differences in the medical chiefs, with less female representation in the regional hospitals (28.6% vs. 39.7%, p =0.003). Conclusion: Women represent the majority in the public health system. Nonetheless, their representation in positions of greater responsibility and decision-making is very limited, being particularly low in county hospitals. Increasing female representation in these positions is a current challenge for society, and equality policies need to be developed and applied to minimize this gender gap.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Gender Gap in the Leadership of Health Institutions: The Influence of Hospital-Level Factors

2021

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“…Considerations such as impact factors and citations weigh into promotion considerations, and by extension, opportunities for institutional leadership. Academic medicine, and HM in particular, has a longstanding gender gap in publication, professorship, and leadership 2,24 . Hospitalists in general, and female hospitalists in particular, largely missed the opportunity to publish in high‐impact, wide‐circulation journals during the 1st year of the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Academic medicine, and HM in particular, has a longstanding gender gap in publication, professorship, and leadership. 2,24 Hospitalists in general, and female hospitalists in particular, largely missed the opportunity to publish in high-impact, widecirculation journals during the 1st year of the pandemic. The data presented here suggest the promotion and leadership gap for hospitalists is likely to persist or widen as the productivity of COVID-related scholarship is integrated into promotion and leadership decisions.…”

Section: Subgroup Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in COVID‐19‐related manuscript authorship by hospitalists during the pandemic: A bibliometric analysis

Eliáš

Bonk

White

et al. 2023

Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background Hospital medicine (HM) has a well‐described gender disparity related to academic work and promotion. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, female authorship across medicine fell further behind historical averages. Objective Examine how COVID‐19 affected the publication gender gap for hospitalists. Design, Settings, and Participants Bibliometric analysis to determine gender and specialty of US‐based physician first and last authors of COVID‐19 articles published March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021 in the four highest impact general medical journals and two highest impact HM‐specific journals. Main Outcome and Measures We characterized the percentage of all physician authors that were women, the percentage of physician authors that were hospitalists, and the percentage of HM authors that were women. We compared author gender between general medical and HM‐specific journals. Results During the study period, 853 manuscripts with US‐based first or last authors were published in eligible journals. Included manuscripts contained 1124 US‐based physician first or last author credits, of which 34.2% (384) were women and 8.8% (99) were hospitalists. Among hospitalist author credits, 43.4% (n = 43/99) were occupied by women. The relative gender equity for hospitalist authors was driven by the two HM journals where, compared to the four general medical journals, hospitalist authors (54.1% [33/61] vs. 26.3% [10/38] women, respectively, p = .002) and hospitalist last authors (51.9% [14/27] vs. 20% [4/20], p = .03) were more likely to be women. Conclusions Across COVID‐19‐related manuscripts, disparities by gender were driven by the high‐impact general medical journals. HM‐specific journals had more equitable inclusion of women authors, demonstrating the potential impact of proactive editorial policies on diversity.

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“…18 Differences in mentorship and scholarly productivity may affect career progression including achievement of leadership positions and academic rank, as recently reported among academic hospital programs. 19 In addition to inadequate mentorship, hospitalists may not receive adequate protected time for research, which contributes to delays in academic promotion and success. 20 Additionally, hospitalists are often expected to focus on patient care, and academic hospitalist leaders reported suboptimal division/departmental support to offer mentorship for nonclinical activities including research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of barriers to research among internal medicine physician hospitalists by career stage

et al. 2020

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Background: Physician hospitalists may participate in research and generate knowledge for evidence-based hospital practice. Despite this, physician hospitalists are primarily involved in patient care, and there is sparse information on barriers for their participation in research and if these barriers differ by career stage. Methods:We conducted a survey of physician hospitalists at Mayo Clinic sites based in four states (Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin). We surveyed physician hospitalists on demographics, academic rank, current research skills, barriers for participation in research, and research skills they aspire to acquire. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics and categorized by early-career (<10 years), mid-career (10-20 years) and later-career (≥20 years) stages at Mayo Clinic. The survey was conducted from March-April 2019.Results: Of 188 physician hospitalists, there was a 52% response rate with 71% in early career, 21% mid-career, and 7% late career, with 39% female. Physician hospitalists at early-career (90%), mid-career (76%), and later-career (71%) stages were interested in participating in research. Among physician hospitalists with ≤3 peer-reviewed publications, barriers for participation in research included lack of mentorship, time, research skills, and funding. Among physician hospitalists with ≥4 peer-reviewed publications, factors for research success included mentorship (89% early-career, 38% mid-career, 75% later-career; p=0.002) and membership in a research team. Compared to mid-and later-career physician hospitalists, a higher proportion of early-career hospitalists was interested in acquiring skills to both critically review the literature (70% early-career, 43% mid-career, 0% later-career; p=0.006) as well as write manuscripts (86% early-career, 57% mid-career, 50% later-career; p=0.02); there was generally similar interest across career stages to acquire skills to conduct literature searches and write grants.

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Gender Issues in Academic Hospital Medicine: a National Survey of Hospitalist Leaders

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Gender Gap in the Leadership of Health Institutions: The Influence of Hospital-Level Factors

Gender Gap in the Leadership of Health Institutions: The Influence of Hospital-Level Factors

Gender differences in COVID‐19‐related manuscript authorship by hospitalists during the pandemic: A bibliometric analysis

Perception of barriers to research among internal medicine physician hospitalists by career stage

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