Gender models: changing representations and intersecting roles in Dutch and Italian fashion magazines, 1982–2011

Kuipers, Giselinde; Laan, E.; Arfini, E.A.G.

doi:10.1080/09589236.2016.1155435

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While in feminist literature, objectification is often equated with sexualisation, this study shows how models are predominantly aesthetically objectified. This is consistent with the findings of Kuipers et al (2017) that all models, male and female, are increasingly objectified in fashion photographs, but not necessarily in a sexual way. While aesthetic objectification is central to fashion modeling, the 'aestheticised body' is also of growing significance in society at large, as it becomes a job qualification in post-industrial 'aesthetic economies'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Aesthetic objects on display: The objectification of fashion models as a situated practice

Holla

2017

Feminist Theory

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This article unravels the process of objectification by empirically examining a social context where it occurs almost incessantly: fashion modeling. Drawing on an ethnography of fashion modeling in Amsterdam, Paris and Warsaw, I argue that objectification is neither ubiquitous nor one-dimensional: it takes place in specific social contexts and unfolds itself differently under different social conditions. Moreover, objectification is not unidirectional: it is done by and happens to both men and women. By taking an experiential perspective which involves models' subjective responses to being objectified, I call into question theoretical arguments of objectification pertaining to disempowered subjects, and the assumption that objectification is inherently negative or immoral. Instead, I argue that objectification is socially rooted in institutions and specific situations and that this matters considerably for its varying forms, levels of intensity and the emotional and practical responses it evokes in people. This does not imply that objectification is less compelling as a process, or easy to avoid. Objectification might be all the more effective exactly because the process is embedded in different social contexts, and adapts itself accordingly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Aesthetic objects on display: The objectification of fashion models as a situated practice

Holla

2017

Feminist Theory

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“…There are, for example, varying interpretations of the non – smiling open mouth (Horstmann et al 2012 ). Recent research in advertising, however, notes the prominence of this particular pose at the beginning of the twenty – first century, which alongside other signifiers was interpreted as both withdrawal and active sexuality (Hatton and Trautner 2011 , 2013 ; Kuipers et al 2017 ). This, in turn, not only overshadows the ethos of the campaign, but also constructs the athletes within a discourse of architectonic otherness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speaking Pictures, Silent Voices: Female Athletes and the Negotiation of Selfhood

Intezar

2020

Integr. psych. behav.

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Combining Mikhail Bakhtin’s (1990) theoretical position on Architectonics and Erving Goffman’s (1979) writings on visual content analysis, the aim of this paper is to explore how female athletes are caught in a complex matrix of power, post – feminist neoliberalism, and self – presentation. The visual images they choose to portray are, therefore, perfect for determining how this cohort of women negotiates social discourses around identity and femininity. Appropriating the Bakhtinian notion of architectonic unity, not only provides an alternative theoretical lens for enquiries concerning the body, identity, and selfhood, but also initiates some thought provoking questions around neoliberal feminism and ‘new femininity.’ This paper advances on previous research by exemplifying how Serena Williams (considered the greatest female tennis player of all time) combines both her femininity and strong physicality to self – shape a myth – like persona, setting her apart from traditional stereotypes of femininity and ‘femaleness.’

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“…Wegens beperkte ruimte bespreken we alleen aspecten die wij selecteerden voor het huidige onderzoek. Beeldanalyses richten zich op afbeeldingen in tekstboeken (zie Giaschi, 2000;Van Leeuwen, 2008;Mustapha, 2015;Kuipers, Van der Laan, & Arfini, 2017). Een oud, maar relevant model hiervoor werd voorgesteld door Schmitz (1975).…”

Section: Theoretisch Kaderunclassified

Van typiste naar ingenieur?

Koster

Iding

2019

DuJAL

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Studies on English language learning materials indicate that women are underrepresented and often appear in low-status professions, though gender equality increases within the last decade (Sunderland, 2015). To what degree does this finding apply for textbooks for learners of Dutch as a Second Language (DSL)? To our knowledge, there are no studies into gender and profession in DSL materials. Dutch however, constitutes an interesting case as both female, male and ‘gender neutral’ professional role nouns exist, while their use is not formally regulated. We systematically analyzed textual and pictorial representations of female and male professionals in textbook chapters about work in fifteen DSL textbooks published within the last 50 years. We drew on quantitative (e.g., number of fe/male and ‘gender neutral’ professional names; instances of male generics and firstness; number of depicted wo/men) and qualitative (e.g., nature of the most frequent professional names; categorization of textbook images) methods to do so. Results show that women are not underrepresented in dialogues and pictures, but that dialogue themes are unequally divided over women and men. Moreover, women are backgrounded through male generics and male firstness and female professional names appear less frequently than male names. Women are also described in gender typical roles, whereas men are not. This holds for both older (1974–2009) and recent textbooks (2011–2017). Overall, more ‘gender neutral’ nouns refer to men in the corpus, but they are used more frequently to refer to women within the last decade. Future studies should address the present theme from psycholinguistic and classroom discourse perspectives and consider additional analytical domains (e.g. chapters about family) and foci (e.g. analyses of verbs associated with wo/men). We discuss pedagogical implications (e.g., screen materials for male firstness; describe women in a greater variety of roles; reverse gender roles in class) for those with concern for gender equality in language education.

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Gender models: changing representations and intersecting roles in Dutch and Italian fashion magazines, 1982–2011

Abstract: Gender models: changing representations and intersecting roles in Dutch and Italian fashion magazines, 1982-2011 Kuipers, G.M.M.; van der Laan, E.C.; Arfini, E.A.G.

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Aesthetic objects on display: The objectification of fashion models as a situated practice

Aesthetic objects on display: The objectification of fashion models as a situated practice

Speaking Pictures, Silent Voices: Female Athletes and the Negotiation of Selfhood

Van typiste naar ingenieur?

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