“…Commentators (for example, Langan and Ostner, 1991;Lewis, 1992;Borchost, 1994;Bussemaker and Kersbergen, 1994;Daly, 1994;Hobson, 1994;Lewis and Ostner, 1995;Sainsbury, 1994Sainsbury, , 1999 have argued that this 'three worlds of welfare' typology is deeply flawed because it marginalized women in its analysis. Aside from the overt absence of women in Esping-Andersen's analysis, the critique revolves around three other issues: the gender blind concept of decommodification (Daly, 1994;Hobson, 1994;Lewis, 1992), the unawareness of the role of women and the family in the provision of welfare (Borchost, 1994;Bussemaker and Kersbergen, 1994;Daly, 1994), and the lack of consideration given to gender as a form of social stratification (Bussemaker and Kersbergen, 1994).…”