Gender-related differences in spatial abilities

Self, Carole M.; Gopal, Sucharita; Golledge, Reginald G.; Fenstermaker, Sarah

doi:10.1177/030913259201600301

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Saarinen et al (1988) have noted that females consistently performed below males on the NCGE Geographic Competency Test and in their sketch map experiments. Other researchers have noted similar such differences (Kail et al, 1980;Jahoda, 1979;Moore, 1979;Brown & Broadway, 1981;Spencer & Weetman, 1981;Gilmartin, 1984;Matthews, 1986;Brewster & Blades, 1989;Downs & Liben, 1991) but others have found none or expressed reservations and unhappiness with the findings (Feldman & Acredolo, 1979;Liben & Golbeck, 1980;Gilmartin & Patton, 1984;Webley & Whalley, 1986;Allen, 1988;Garling, 1989;Blades, 1990;Self et al, 1992). The reasons for this are a contentious issue and a large debate is currently in progress centring around the spatial ability literature (for possible reasons see Table 3).…”

Section: Understanding Cognitive Maps For Education and Computer Intementioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive maps: What are they and why study them?

Kitchin

1994

Journal of Environmental Psychology

503

197

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It is often implicitly assumed by researchers that their readers understand what cognitive map and cognitive mapping are, and their justification for study. This paper differs in this respect by explaining explicitly the 'what' and 'why' questions often asked, demonstrating cognitive mapping's multidisciplinary research worth. First, it examines questions concerning what cognitive maps are, the confusion inherent from the use of the term 'map', and the usage and reasons for alternative expressions. Second, it examines the theoretical applications or conceptual research, concerning cognitive maps role in the influencing and explaining spatial behaviour; spatial choice and decision making; wayiinding and orientation; and the cognitive maps utility and role as a mnemonic and metaphorical devise; a shaper of world and local attitudes and perspectives; and for creating and coping with imaginary worlds. Third, it discusses cognitive mapping's practical and applied worth, concerning the planning of suitable living environments; advertising; crime solving; search and rescue, geographical educational issues, cartography and remote sensing; and in the designing and understanding computer interfaces and databases, especially Geographical Information Systems (GISs).

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Section: Understanding Cognitive Maps For Education and Computer Intementioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive maps: What are they and why study them?

Kitchin

1994

Journal of Environmental Psychology

503

197

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“…Spatial thinking abilities may also influence the interpretation of the external environment, and gender differences in spatial thinking have long been established (Self et al, 1992;Self and Golledge, 1994;Castelli et al, 2007). Some studies point out that each gender excels in different tasks.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in the Sketch Map Creation Process

2010

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Gender differences in navigation and mapping skills have long been noted in past research. Females tend to use landmarks for navigation while males favour paths and co-ordinate systems. Similar findings are found in sketch maps, where landmarks are prevalent on female maps and males draw more paths. Although the type and quantity of map elements give an indication of gender differences, there is potential for further insights to emerge from analysis of the process or sequence in which map elements are drawn. The sequence provides detail on when in the drawing process gender differences or similarities in map elements arise.This study found that in the initial drawing of the map, there were few gender difference in the number of landmarks and paths drawn. However, females drew a larger proportion of landmarks and males drew more paths from 10% to 25% into the drawing process. Thereon until half way through, no statistical differences were found. Differences were seen again in the last half of the drawing process. Overall, females drew more landmarks and paths than men, but the difference lay in when clusters of these map elements were drawn.

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“…Barna får stadige tilbakemeldinger på om de er på riktig sted og dermed en oppfatning av egen fremgang. Alle barn har behov for å oppleve mestring, og opplevelse av å forbedre sine prestasjoner vil vaere med på å styrke følelsen av mestring (Sigmundsson & Haga, 2005 (Golledge & Stimson, 1997;Self, Gopal, Golledge, & Fenstermaker, 1992). Romlig visualisering er evnen til mentalt å rotere, snu eller på annen måte manipulere to-dimensjonale eller tre-dimensjonale objekter som presenteres visuelt.…”

Section: Utvikling Og Laeringunclassified

Barns kommunikasjon med ulike typer kart - en progressiv tilnærming til kartlesing

Bjerva¹,

Græsli²,

Sigurjónsson³

2011

ADNO

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Barns kommunikasjon med ulike typer kart -en progressiv tilnaerming til kartlesing (Bjerva, Graesli, & Sigurjónsson, 2010) InnledningKartlesing kan oppfattes som en naturlig og ukomplisert aktivitet uten større krav enn normalt syn og gjennomsnittlig intelligens (Keates, 1996). Forestillingen er ganske interessant, med tanke på hvor mange år med formell utdanning som er viet andre primaere verktøy for kommunikasjon i vårt samfunn, for eksempel språk. Videre har bruk av naturen alltid stått sentralt i Norge, og man skulle tro at nordmenn flest anser orientering som en viktig ferdighet i denne sammenheng. Forskningsresultater og mange "unødvendige" leteaksjoner etter folk som har gått seg bort, viser imidlertid at nordmenn flest har problemer med å finne frem i ukjent terreng (Vaagbø, 1997). Dette er også et felt som på langt naer har fått den plass i skolen som planverket forutsetter (Kvaase, 1999). Svaert få elever som går ut av grunnskolen behersker selv de mest grunnleggende orienteringsferdigheter (Isaksen, 2000). Nå-situasjonen bekrefter at det er et stort behov for å kaste lys over ferdighetsutvikling innen orientering.Orienteringsopplaering var i lang tid preget av den rasjonalistiske tradisjon med teoretisk tilnaerming (Kaarby, 1997;Sigurjónsson, 2007). Dette har vaert Vol. 5 Nr.

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Gender-related differences in spatial abilities

Cited by 60 publications

References 120 publications

Cognitive maps: What are they and why study them?

Cognitive maps: What are they and why study them?

Gender Differences in the Sketch Map Creation Process

Barns kommunikasjon med ulike typer kart - en progressiv tilnærming til kartlesing

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