Gender-related differences in the psychological impact of confinement as a consequence of COVID-19 in Spain

Ausín, Berta; González-Sanguino, Clara; Castellanos, Miguel Ángel; Muñoz, Manuel

doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1799768

Cited by 186 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, against expectations, having been infected with SARS-CoV-2 or being a health risk group (i.e., diabetes, lung or heart disease) were not significantly related to a higher risk of overall distress. Gender differences found in our study are consistent with epidemiological studies showing that the lifetime prevalence of any affective disorder in women is almost twice as that of men (Eid et al, 2019) as well as with a recent study in Spain reporting that women showed more depression and anxiety than men during the lockdown (Ausín et al, 2020). Likewise, Henares Montiel et al, Psychological Adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 9 (2020) found, in three periods analysed, that the frequency of psychological morbidity was higher in women than in men: 26.7% vs. 15.3% in 2006, 26.1% vs. 17.5% in 2011, and 22.8% vs. 14.6% in 2017. In line with recent research on the Spanish population (Odriola-González et al, 2020), we found that young people seem to be psychologically penalized by this pandemic despite not being a high-risk group for the transmission of COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Psychological Adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Positive and Negative Mental Health Outcomes in the General Population

et al. 2021

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In the midst of the COVID–19 epidemic, Spain was one of the countries with the highest number of infections and a high mortality rate. The threat of the virus and consequences of the pandemic have a discernible impact on the mental health of citizens. This study aims to (a) evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression and well-being in a large Spanish sample during the confinement, (b) identify potential predictor variables associated to experiencing both clinical levels of distress and well-being in a sample of 2,122 Spanish people. By using descriptive analyses and logistic regression results revealed high rates of depression, anxiety and well-being. Specifically, our findings revealed that high levels of anxiety about COVID–19, increased substance use and loneliness as the strongest predictors of distress, while gross annual incomes and loneliness were strongest predictors of well-being. Finding of the present study provide a better insight about psychological adjustment to a pandemic and allows us to identify which population groups are at risk of experiencing higher levels of distress and which factors contribute to greater well-being, which could help in the treatments and prevention in similar stressful and traumatic situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Psychological Adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Positive and Negative Mental Health Outcomes in the General Population

et al. 2021

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“…In this study, females were found to be more likely to suffer higher psychological stress. This result was consistent with the previous study, which also found that female may be associated with the worse psychological status during COVID-19 epidemic [24,25].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 94%

Perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: Evidence from the general Chinese population

Yang

Xiong

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by novel coronavirus 2019. Many individuals suffered psychological symptoms in the early stage when the epidemic was uncertain. We explored the perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic. Method The Perceived Stress Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale and a general information questionnaire were integrated in an on-line survey conducted from February 1, 2020 until February 4, 2020. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore whether coping style, social support or other factors contributed to psychological stress. Results A total of 1638 participants were included, of whom 44.3% showed moderate psychological stress. Individuals who were younger, female, unmarried, spent more time on the disease, felt more concern about it, reported lower social support (Subjective Social support; Objective social support; Utilization social support), or showed a negative coping style were more likely to suffer higher psychological stress in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusion Psychological interventions may be targeted to individuals with the risk characteristics identified in this study. It may be helpful to promote social support and positive coping style in the early stage of infectious disease epidemics. This initial evidence from the general Chinese population may be relevant to interventions in other countries for dealing with the COVID-19 and other epidemics.

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“…In addition, the female gender is a predictor of anxiety and PTSD, and this group may also be identified as more vulnerable, perhaps due to the greater burden that may arise from combining work or telework with childcare and other gender roles during the pandemic (32). The role of gender has been further studied in detail in this same sample, concluding that women have shown a greater psychological impact during confinement and highlighting the need of special attention for this group (33). On the other hand, in relation to post-traumatic symptomatology, the variables of working on site vs. teleworking or not working arise as a predictor in this model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mental Health Consequences of the Coronavirus 2020 Pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2020

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Gender-related differences in the psychological impact of confinement as a consequence of COVID-19 in Spain

Cited by 186 publications

References 31 publications

Psychological Adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Positive and Negative Mental Health Outcomes in the General Population

Psychological Adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Positive and Negative Mental Health Outcomes in the General Population

Perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: Evidence from the general Chinese population

Mental Health Consequences of the Coronavirus 2020 Pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. A Longitudinal Study

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