Gender-Responsive Lessons Learned and Policy Implications for Women in Prison

Wright, Emily M.; Voorhis, Patricia Van; Salisbury, Emily J.; Bauman, Ashley

doi:10.1177/0093854812451088

Cited by 181 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…Importantly, the study found that the effects of several variables (e.g., age, Illegal Activity Scale, social rule breaking score) were dependent on the time elapsed since release from jail, whereas others (e.g., substance use severity and parental status) had more persistent effects over time. Overall, these findings support the development of re-entry services tailored for female offenders that address both gender-responsive and gender-neutral criminogenic risk factors (Wright, Van Voorhis, Salisbury, & Bauman, 2012). Moreover, the effects of several variables in the immediate re-entry period support the development of transition planning that aims to limit gaps in services for women upon release and their referral to treatment and other services.…”

Section: Criminogenic Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Predictors of Recidivism Over 3 Years Among Substance-Using Women Released From Jail

Scott

Grella

Dennis

et al. 2014

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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This study examines predictors of recidivism over 3 years for 624 women released from a county jail using a comprehensive range of standardized measures derived from gender-responsive and gender-neutral criminogenic recidivism models. Although more than a dozen factors were related to recidivism in the univariate analysis, the multivariate analysis shows that recidivism can be reliably predicted (area under the curve = 0.90) with just four factors: age, no custody of children, substance use frequency, and number of substance problems. Exploratory analysis of women who recidivated in post-release months 1 to 3, 4 to 12, and 13 to 36 revealed that the effects of several variables (age, super optimism, and number of weeks in the jail treatment program) were dependent on the time elapsed since release from jail, whereas others (substance use and custody) had persistent effects over time. These findings support the development of re-entry services tailored for female offenders who address both gender-responsive and gender-neutral criminogenic risk factors.A rrest and incarceration rates have dramatically increased for women during the past two decades, particularly for drug-related offenses (Mauer, Potler, & Wolf, 1999). A recent Department of Justice report shows that although the overall population of inmates in county and city jails decreased from 2010 to 2013, the number and proportion of female inmates increased by 10.9% (Minton & Golinelli, 2014). As more attention is focused on understanding the factors related to successful outcomes for women who are released from in-custody settings (Lewis, 2006), the question of whether existing models of risk for

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Section: Criminogenic Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Predictors of Recidivism Over 3 Years Among Substance-Using Women Released From Jail

Scott

Grella

Dennis

et al. 2014

Criminal Justice and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, given the greater prevalence of trauma/abuse among women offenders, treatment approaches that target multiple conditions (substance use, mental health, and trauma) simultaneously (i.e., using multimodal models) and account for histories of abuse are most appropriate for women offenders (Holtfreter & Morash, 2003; Wright et al, 2012). Dual diagnoses studies also indicate that women with depression and substance abuse benefit from trauma-informed interventions (Greenfield, Trucco, McHugh, Lincoln, & Gallop, 2007).…”

Section: Multimodal Treatment Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Benefits From Gender-Responsive Treatment?

Saxena

Messina

Grella

2014

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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This study explores outcome variation among women offenders who participated in gender-responsive substance abuse treatment (GRT). In order to identify subgroups of participants that may differentially benefit from this treatment, secondary analyses examined the interaction between randomization into GRT and a history of abuse (physical/sexual) on depression and number of substances used post- treatment. The sample consisted of 115 incarcerated women assessed at baseline and 6- and 12-months post parole. Longitudinal regression showed that women reporting abuse randomized into GRT had significantly reduced odds of depression (OR = .29, p < .05, 95% CI = .10 – .86) and lowered rates of number of substances used (IRR = .52, p < .05, 95% CI = 0.28–0.98), in comparison to those who reported abuse and were randomized to the non-GRT group. GRT for women offenders who have experienced prior abuse would maximize the benefits of the trauma-informed, gender-sensitive intervention.

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“…This selection would avoid wasting resources with people who are not yet ready to desist (and will not benefit from employment) and avoid creating perverse incentives for those who are still actively involved in crime. Until women's risks are properly defined and assessed, the development of programming that best suits their needs will continue to fall short [53,54,84,114,129]. Most importantly, we must infuse all programming with an intersectional orientation that accounts for the many victimization, offending, and reentry contexts that women of different races, classes, sexual orientations, and other social loci must navigate [37,41,89,96].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Age at Prison Release on Women’s Desistance Trajectories: a Mixed-Method Analysis

Kerrison

Bachman

Paternoster

2016

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to measure the effect that age has on women's gendered prisoner reentry experiences and the likelihood of desisting from crime and substance abuse. This study also seeks to evaluate the applicability of Paternoster and Bushway's (2009) Identity Theory of Desistance (ITD) for a contemporary, all-female sample. Methods This mixed-method study makes use of official arrest data for 218 women leaving Delaware prisons in the mid 1990s, to create group-based offending trajectory models. A representative subsample of 118 women was interviewed between 2009 and 2011 and asked to conceptualize the mechanisms that led to their desistance or persistence in offending. Results Multinomial logistic regression analyses reveal that for some of the sample, age at the time of release from prison has a positive effect on the likelihood that women will belong to a desisting trajectory group rather than the most deviant reference group. Interview narratives demonstrate that in navigating the post-incarceration gendered experiences of securing employment, family reunification, and substance abuse recovery, maturity, clarity about one's personal responsibility for linked failures, and a desire to transform one's identity were significant factors that preceded the capacity to excel in those reentry domains. Conclusions These findings lend support for the applicability of ITD for women's desistance experiences. As older women appear to express a reentry goal orientation that diverges from that of their younger counterparts, gender-responsive rehabilitation J Dev Life Course Criminology (2016) agendas must also include programming that increases the likelihood that participants will connect failures sooner so that the prosocial benefits of a healthy identity change can be enjoyed for longer.

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Gender-Responsive Lessons Learned and Policy Implications for Women in Prison

Cited by 181 publications

References 74 publications

Predictors of Recidivism Over 3 Years Among Substance-Using Women Released From Jail

Predictors of Recidivism Over 3 Years Among Substance-Using Women Released From Jail

Who Benefits From Gender-Responsive Treatment?

The Effects of Age at Prison Release on Women’s Desistance Trajectories: a Mixed-Method Analysis

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