“…This ideology encourages men to strive for an ideal manhood (Pleck, 1995). Consistent with previous research on Korean high school students (J. H. Kim, Choi, Hwang, & Heppner, 2012), the current findings also reveal that Korean adult men prefer concealing personal information about themselves (e.g., emotion, hakbeol status) to avoid being embarrassed or receive negative feedback. Previous research shows that, although achievement is considered very important, men tend to avoid highlighting the hard work that goes into these achievements, preferring instead to appear as though this journey is effortless; this allows men not to risk being viewed as a failure, should they not obtain their goals (Jackson, 2003).…”