Gender segregation of occupations and sustainable employment: A prospective population-based cohort study

Abstract

For both women and men, the gender composition of the occupation they work in seems to be of importance for their future labour market attachment and sickness absence or receipt of a disability pension.

Age, period, and cohort effects for future employment, sickness absence, and disability pension by occupational gender segregation: a population-based study of all employed people in a country (> 3 million)

“…Occupations with short working hours or flexible working conditions can be a way to combine unpaid and paid work, although these choices may also lead to stressful working conditions that can explain women's higher SA rates (Mastekaasa 2005;OECD 2010;Fagan and Burchell 2002). Results from some studies concerning the associations between gender segregation at work and SA/DP show that those in gender-integrated occupations have better health, operationalized as lower levels of SA, than those in gender-segregated occupations (Gonas et al 2018;Kjellsson et al 2014). They also show that a skewed gender balance in occupations or workplaces can have health consequences.…”

“…Different birth cohorts carry different sets of values concerning gender roles and meet different labour market possibilities and problems, sometimes resulting in health problems and SA/DP (Allebeck and Mastekaasa 2004). They meet different labour market structures as they enter the labour market which also lead them into different labour market career paths (Granqvist and Persson 2005;Rubery and Rafferty 2013;Gonas et al 2018).…”

“…Nevertheless, associations between gender segregation and health have so far only been explored to a very limited extent, within public as well as occupational health. Studies show that paid work is good for your health, but there are gender-specific risks of leaving the labour market and of being on sickness absence (SA)/disability pension (DP) for the gender in minority in gender-segregated occupations (Gonas et al 2018). In this study, we analyzed future health and employment outcomes considering the gender divisions of occupations and using Sweden as an example of a common international situation.…”

Comparison of Job Quality Indices Affecting Work–Life Balance in South Korea According to Employee Gender

“…The labor markets of most welfare developed countries are highly segregated by gender [ 15 , 16 ]. There were differences among the top six occupations for females and males in Europe in 2005 [ 15 ].…”

“…There were differences among the top six occupations for females and males in Europe in 2005 [ 15 ]. According to a previous study, extremely female-dominated occupations were office secretaries and nursing professionals, and female-dominated occupations were personal care and related workers, while extremely male-dominated occupations were transport workers and agricultural and other mobile-plant operators, and male-dominated occupations were finance and sales associate professionals [ 16 ]. Females’ occupations are predominantly in cities, which might affect the imbalance in sex ratios between city and rural locations [ 17 ].…”