Gender-sex differences in autoimmune atrophic gastritis

Lahner, Edith; Dilaghi, Emanuele; Cingolani, Sophia; Pivetta, Giulia; Dottori, Ludovica; Esposito, Gianluca; Marzinotto, Ilaria; Lampasona, Vito; Buzzetti, Raffaella; Annibale, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2022.04.006

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…AAG is often delayed diagnosed due to its various insignificant and nonspecific clinical features, and uncommon vitamin B12 deficiency-related manifestations in female are overlooked [ 15 ]. AAG seems to be common in normal weight, dyspeptic women with iron-deficiency anemia and autoimmune thyroid disease, and in overweight male smokers with pernicious anemia [ 16 ]. Anaemia is a important manifestation in AAG patients, mostly due to vitamin B12 deficiency [ 17 ], which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic atrophic gastritis in different ages in South China: a 10-year retrospective analysis

Zhang

2023

BMC Gastroenterol

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Objectives To explore the prevalence, characteristics, age distribution and etiology changes of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in South China. Methods This study included all patients who underwent endoscopy examinations from 2011 to 2020 in our hospital. Patients were divided into groups 1 (2011–2015) and 2 (2016–2020). The prevalence, characteristics, age distribution and etiology changes of CAG were compared between groups. Results Overall CAG prevalence was 20.92% (24,084/115,110) from 2011 to 2020; prevalence significantly differed between groups (18.78%, 8468/45,087, in group 1 and 22.30%, 15,616/70,023, in group 2). Patients with CAG had significantly younger age (under 45) and more corpus atrophy and more autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) in group 2 than in group 1. AAG prevalence in group 2 was 30.11% (4702/15,616) significantly higher than 13.57% (1149/8468) in group 1. 82 patients with AAG later exhibited gastric cancer without obvious clinical features over the decade. Conclusions CAG is increasing and seems starting earlier among people during the study period. We need to focus on diagnosis and treatment of corpus related atrophy and AAG, especially for the young. Laboratory examination, endoscopic biopsy and surveillance are important for CAG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic atrophic gastritis in different ages in South China: a 10-year retrospective analysis

Zhang

2023

BMC Gastroenterol

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“…Particularly, HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR2 alleles were reported as more frequent in females than in males. Moreover, AAG showed differential clinical profiles in female and male patients, occurring mainly in normal-weight, dyspeptic women with iron-deficiency anaemia and autoimmune thyroid disease, and in overweight male smokers with pernicious anaemia [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Microbiota Gender Differences in Subjects with Healthy Stomachs and Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

et al. 2023

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Gender differences and microbiota are gaining increasing attention. This study aimed to assess gender differences in gastric bacterial microbiota between subjects with healthy stomachs and those with autoimmune atrophic gastritis. This was a post hoc analysis of 52 subjects undergoing gastroscopy for dyspepsia (57.7% healthy stomach, 42.3% autoimmune atrophic gastritis). Gastric biopsies were obtained for histopathology and genomic DNA extraction. Gastric microbiota were assessed by sequencing the hypervariable regions of the 16SrRNA gene. The bacterial profile at the phylum level was reported as being in relative abundance expressed as 16SrRNA OTUs (>0.5%) and biodiversity calculated as Shannon-diversity index-H. All data were stratified for the female and male gender. Results showed that women with healthy stomachs had a higher gastric bacterial abundance and less microbial diversity compared to men. Likely due to hypochlorhydria and the non-acid intragastric environment, autoimmune atrophic gastritis seems to reset gender differences in gastric bacterial abundance and reduce biodiversity in males, showing a greater extent of dysbiosis in terms of reduced biodiversity in men. Differences between gender on taxa frequency at the phylum and genus level in healthy subjects and autoimmune atrophic gastritis were observed. The impact of these findings on the gender-specific natural history of autoimmune atrophic gastritis remains to be elucidated; in any case, gender differences should deserve attention in gastric microbiota studies.

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“…Autoimmune gastritis is associated with female gender, older age, and autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune gastritis is more common in women, with a female:male ratio of 2-3:1, and in subjects aged >60 years [7,8]. The prevalence of AAG is also higher in people with a personal or family history of autoimmune disorders, especially type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis, making it five times more frequent in patients with such conditions compared to controls [9].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis: A Clinical Review

Castellana,

Eusebi,

Dajti

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of atrophy in the oxyntic mucosa due to anti-parietal cell antibodies. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of autoimmune atrophic gastritis, reporting recent evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, risk of malignancies, and management. The prevalence of AAG has been estimated at between 0.3% and 2.7% in the general population. The diagnosis of AAG is based on a combination of the serologic profile and the histological examination of gastric biopsies. Patients with AAG are often asymptomatic but can also have dyspeptic or reflux symptoms. The atrophy of the oxyntic mucosa leads to iron and vitamin B12 malabsorption, which may result in anemia and neurological affections. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is associated with an increased risk of type I neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and gastric cancer, with an incidence rate of 2.8% and 0.5% per person/year, respectively. Management is directed to reinstate vitamins and iron and to prevent malignancies with endoscopic surveillance. In conclusion, atrophic autoimmune gastritis is an infrequent condition, often asymptomatic and misdiagnosed, that requires an early diagnosis for appropriate vitamin supplementation and endoscopic follow-up for the early diagnosis of NETs and gastric cancer.

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Gender-sex differences in autoimmune atrophic gastritis

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Chronic atrophic gastritis in different ages in South China: a 10-year retrospective analysis

Chronic atrophic gastritis in different ages in South China: a 10-year retrospective analysis

Gastric Microbiota Gender Differences in Subjects with Healthy Stomachs and Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis: A Clinical Review

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