Gender-Specific Association Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Arterial Stiffness in 8,300 Subjects

Weng, Can; Yang, Kehu; Tang, Xin; Huang, Zhijun; Huang, Lihua; Chen, Wei; Yuan, Hong; Chen, Fangping; Chen, Zhiheng; Yang, Peng

doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e3182732e97

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These results are similar to those reported for a Spanish population in the DARIOS study [43], but different from those reported in Asian populations [5, 7]. Prior studies support these results [7, 25]. Previous studies also analyzed the different behavior of arterial stiffness depending on sex [25, 44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Most have reported increased baPWV in subjects with MetS or with a greater number of MetS components. Most of the studies have examined Asian populations, among whom MetS and its components affect arterial stiffness with greater severity in females than in males [23, 25]. It is likely that females with MetS develop more severe atherosclerosis, but this is not yet definitive [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies have examined Asian populations, among whom MetS and its components affect arterial stiffness with greater severity in females than in males [23, 25]. It is likely that females with MetS develop more severe atherosclerosis, but this is not yet definitive [25]. Furthermore, the sex-dependent association of the specific cluster of MetS components with baPWV and CAVI in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk has not been previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial

Gómez‐Sánchez¹,

García‐Ortiz

Patino-Alonso

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundThe cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) can reflect both central and peripheral arterial stiffness. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components may increase arterial stiffness and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation of MetS and its components with arterial stiffness is still not clear. The primary aim of this study is thus the relationship using baPWV and CAVI in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk. The secondary aim is to analyze sex differences.MethodsThis study analyzed 2351 subjects aged 35–74 years (mean, 61.4 ± 7.7 years) comprising 61.7 % males and enrolled in the improving interMediAte Risk management (MARK) study. CAVI was measured using a VaSera VS-1500 ® device, and baPWV was calculated using a validated equation. MetS was defined based on the Joint Scientific Statement National Cholesterol Education Program III. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile were measured.ResultsMetS was found in 51.9 % of the subjects. All MetS components except reduced HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.578) were associated with CAVI. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.075) and waist circumference (p = 0.315) were associated with baPWV. The different MetS components that assess dyslipidemia using the stiffness measures show different associations according to patient sex. The high blood pressure component had a greater odds ratio (OR) for both baPWV ≥ 17.5 m/sec (OR = 6.90, 95 % CI 3.52–13.519) and CAVI ≥ 9 (OR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.63–1.90).ConclusionsMetS and all its components (except HDL-cholesterol with baPWV and CAVI and WC with baPWV) were associated with baPWV and CAVI. However, there were sex differences in the association of MetS and its components with baPWV and CAVI. Data from this study suggest a greater association of CAVI and baPWV values with MetS components in males than in females and indicate greater arterial stiffness in the event of simultaneously elevated blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and waist circumference. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT01428934. Registered 2 September 2011. Last updated September 8, 2016Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0465-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial

Gómez‐Sánchez¹,

García‐Ortiz

Patino-Alonso

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…Similar sex difference has been reported previously in morbidly obese patients 36 . In a most recent report, Weng et al reported that women were more sensitive to the adverse effects of metabolic syndrome and its components including obesity, though the participants were older (average 48 years old) Chinese adults 37 , compared to participants in the current study. Some studies have shown that obesity is positively correlated with arterial stiffness in adolescents 38 and young adults 39 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Sex and Race (Black-White) Differences in the Relationship of Childhood Risk Factors to Adulthood Arterial Stiffness: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Li¹,

Chen²,

et al. 2014

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

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Background and aim Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood are predictive of adulthood arterial stiffness. However, it is unknown whether this relationship varies by race or sex. Methods Six hundred and eighty adults aged 24–43 had been followed for an average of 26.3 years, from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measured by an automatic oscillometric technique was used as the outcome variable for arterial stiffness during adulthood. Body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and systolic blood pressure (SBP), all measured in childhood, were used as predictors. The average values of childhood measurements at multiple time points were used, standardized to age, race, and sex-specific z-scores. Results In the total sample, childhood SBP was the only significant predictor (p<0.001) for adult baPWV. Significant interactions between sex and BMI (p=0.001), between sex and LDL-C (p=0.035), and between race and HDL-C (p=0.002) on adult baPWV were identified. Childhood predictors of adult baPWV were BMI (30.9 cm/second reduction in baPWV per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): −55.0, −6.9 cm/second), LDL-C (30.8 cm/second increase, 95% CI: 2.9, 59.5 cm/second) and HDL-C (46.8 cm/second reduction, 95% CI: −76.2, −17.4 cm/second) in white males, systolic blood pressure (38.2 cm/second increase, 95% CI: 11.0, 65.4 cm/second) in white females, BMI (71.3 cm/second reduction, 95% CI: −119.9, −22.7 cm/second) in black males, and none in black females. Conclusion The associations of childhood cardiovascular risk factors with adult arterial stiffness varied by race and sex.

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“…It has also been shown that PWV, and therefore AS, is increased in carriers of the lecithin cholesterol acetyl-transferase mutation related to low HDL-C levels [70]. The TG/HDL-C ratio, a rough measure of the predominance of sdLDL particles over large-buoyant ones [71], is an independent determinant of AS in older adults, younger adults and adolescents, particularly in those with central obesity, regardless of the presence of hypertension [69,72,73]. The treatment of choice for elevated sdLDL is statins because, beside the preferential reduction in sdLDL particles, they reduce markers of inflammation such as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) [74][75][76][77].…”

Section: As In Mets-associated Atherogenic Dyslipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating Arterial Stiffness Associated with Features of Metabolic Syndrome Not Included in its Diagnostic Criteria: Cutting Off the Heads of Lernaean Hydra, Keeper of the Underworld

Athyros¹,

Ferlita²,

Τζιόμαλος³

et al. 2013

TOHYPERJ

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Abstract:The clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors, regardless if this is called metabolic syndrome (MetS) or not, substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. One of the possible mechanisms of the rise in CVD incidence is the increase in arterial stiffness (AS), which is a significant and independent CVD risk factor. Hypertension has long been connected to AS. Besides MetS components (obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, dysglycaemia), MetS-associated disease states, not included in the MetS diagnostic criteria (renal dysfunction, hyperuricaemia, non alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovary syndrome and hypercoaglutability) have been implicated in the increase of CVD risk through the increase of AS, among other mechanisms. Treatment options for AS induced by these non-diagnostic features of MetS are discussed. The impact of lifestyle changes is analyzed. Among pharmacological interventions, statin treatment seams to hold a pivotal role. Furthermore, we discuss specific measures for each disease state separately.

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Gender-Specific Association Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Arterial Stiffness in 8,300 Subjects

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial

Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial

Sex and Race (Black-White) Differences in the Relationship of Childhood Risk Factors to Adulthood Arterial Stiffness: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Treating Arterial Stiffness Associated with Features of Metabolic Syndrome Not Included in its Diagnostic Criteria: Cutting Off the Heads of Lernaean Hydra, Keeper of the Underworld

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