Gender-specific prevalence and influencing factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study

Abstract

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to describe distributions of the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and identify the potential risk factors by gender in a Chinese rural population.DesignA cross-sectional survey.Setting and participantsA total of 8475 participants (18–79 years) were obtained from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus for each individual was measured by ultrasonic bone density apparatus. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of potential risk factors with prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of prevalence of osteoporosis which included eight studies was conducted to confirm this study results.ResultsThe mean of BMD were 0.42 and 0.32 g/cm2for men with osteopenia and osteoporosis (p<0.001), as well as 0.40 and 0.30 g/cm2(p<0.001) for women with osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. The overall age-standardised prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 42.09% and 11.76% in all participants. The age-standardised prevalence of osteopenia in men (45.98%) was significantly higher than that in women (39.73%), whereas the age-standardised prevalence of osteoporosis in men (7.82%) was lower than that in women (14.38%). Meta-analysis results displayed pooled prevalence of osteoporosis of 18.0% (10.1%–25.8%) in total sample, 7.7% (5.7%–9.7%) in men and 22.4% (17.1%–27.6%) in women. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that ageing, women, low education level or income, drinking or underweight was related to increased risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis.ConclusionsAbout one-sixth of the participants suffered osteoporosis in rural China, and the prevalence in women was higher than men. Although the results were lower than that of meta-analysis, osteoporosis still accounts for huge burden of disease in rural population due to limited medical service and lack of health risk awareness rather than urban area.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-OOC-15006699; Pre-results).

Sedentary Patterns Are Associated with Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Data

“…We did, however, observe that the change in the amount of time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts (20 to 30 min and >60 min) over a 24-month time period was inversely associated with lumbar spine BMD in older women independent of changes in MVPA levels. Thus, our results point to the importance of encouraging older women who are most affected by bone diseases (osteopenia and osteoporosis) compared to men [28,29] to reduce prolonged time spent in sedentary behavior such that sedentary bouts do not exceed periods longer than 20 min without an interruption, as this may result in beneficial changes in BMD.…”

Prevalence and Patterns of Risk of Osteoporosis in Bangladeshi Adult Population: An Analysis of Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements

“…Data from seven Asian countries revealed that the prevalence of osteoporosis can vary from 41% to 90% among men and women, depending on region and age [28][29][30][31]. A study conducted among 8475 Chinese subjects found that half of the population had moderate to severe osteoporosis levels and concluded that the prevalence of osteoporosis in women was higher than in men [32]. A meta-analysis also supports that there is an association between female gender and osteoporosis [33].…”

<p>Comparison of OSTA, FRAX and BMI for Predicting Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in a Han Population in Beijing: A Cross Sectional Study</p>

“…2 Due to the progressive aging trend of the population, the morbidity and mortality of OP and associated fractures grows year by year, 3 creating an ever-increasing burden for clinical resources and economic expenses. 4,5 In the USA, the annual cost for OP-related fractures in 2005 was 17 billion dollars, with 71% of fractures occurring in women and the costs for treatment of such fractures being 75% higher than those in men, and a further 50% increase in cost to 25.3 billion dollars are projected by 2025. 6 The situation of OP in China is equally serious, as it has been predicted that the osteoporotic population will expand sharply from 83.9 million in 1997 to 212 million by 2050.…”