Gender verification in sports by PCR amplification of SRY and DYZ1 Y chromosome specific sequences: presence of DYZ1 repeat in female athletes.

Serrat, Angels; Herreros, A García de

doi:10.1136/bjsm.30.4.310

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…and can be performed as an endpoint assay using a conventional thermal cycler and a Xuorescent plate reader. The fact that it is Xuorescent based and multiplex compatible and can be automated may make it a useful tool when large-scale gender veriWcation is required such as in the Olympic games when several thousand athletes need to be genotyped [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous quantitation of human nuclear, mitochondrial, and male Y-chromosome DNA: application in human identification

Walker

Hedges

Perodeau

et al. 2005

Analytical Biochemistry

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Human forensic casework requires sensitive quantitation of human nuclear (nDNA), mitochondrial (mtDNA), and male Y-chromosome DNA from complex biomaterials. Although many such systems are commercially available, no system is capable of simultaneously quantifying all three targets in a single reaction. Most available methods either are not multiplex compatible or lack human specificity. Here, we report the development of a comprehensive set of human-specific, target-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for DNA quantitation. Using TaqMan-MGB probes, our duplex qPCR for nDNA/mtDNA had a linear quantitation range of 100 ng to 1 pg, and our triplex qPCR assay for nDNA/mtDNA/male Y DNA had a linear range of 100-0.1 ng. Human specificity was demonstrated by the accurate detection of 0.05 and 5% human DNA from a complex source of starting templates. Target specificity was confirmed by the lack of cross-amplification among targets. A high-throughput alternative for human gender determination was also developed by multiplexing the male Y primer/probe set with an X-chromosome-based system. Background cross-amplification with DNA templates derived from 14 other species was negligible aside from the male Y assay which produced spurious amplifications from other nonhuman primate templates. Mainstream application of these assays will undoubtedly benefit forensic genomics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous quantitation of human nuclear, mitochondrial, and male Y-chromosome DNA: application in human identification

Walker

Hedges

Perodeau

et al. 2005

Analytical Biochemistry

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“…The IOC responded by introducing a new iteration of verification: polymerase chain reaction testing. PCR tests assessed the SRY (testis-determining gene) to identify (male) sex ( 6 ). From 1992 to 1999, the IOC employed this practice.…”

Section: History Of Sex Testing In Female Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes, Gender, Hormones, and Doping in Sport: A Convoluted Tale

Rogol

Pieper

2017

Front. Endocrinol.

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We are writing this piece in the aftermath of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Each of the words in the title plays a role(s) in deciding who may compete, especially who may compete as a woman. We shall be careful to disentangle the issues of genes and gender from hormonal levels of the potent androgen testosterone, and very clearly demarcate these natural occurrences from those of doping, for which the World Anti-Doping Agency has established strict guidelines. These elements became conflated in the aftermath of the Court of Arbitration of Sport’s decision, now more than 2 years ago, concerning the teenage Indian sprinter, Dutee Chand. Although many people associate hyperandrogenism with doping and gender determination, each is different and has a distinct function.

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“…The DNA target that has been amplified for the validation of this current device is a 108-bp segment of the DYZ1 region within the human genome. Since the DYZ1 sequences are located only on the Y-chromosome, PCR amplifications of the DYZ1 have been used for gender determination in forensics, 16 athletics, 17 and even in utero. 18 An added advantage is that the 3.4 kb DYZ1 sequence is repeated between 800 and 5000 times within each copy of the genome.…”

Section: Assay Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping from saliva with a one-step microdevice

Pjescic

Crews

2012

Lab Chip

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This paper presents a disposable microfluidic device for on-chip lysing, PCR, and analysis in one continuous-flow process. Male-female sex determination was performed with human saliva in less than 20 min from spit to finish, and requiring only seconds of manual sample handling. This genetic analysis was based on the amplification and detection of the DYZ1 repeat region unique to the Y-chromosome. The flow-through microfluidic chip consisted of a single serpentine channel designed to guide samples through 42 heating and cooling cycles. Cycling was performed by matching the local channel geometry to a steady-state temperature gradient established across the microfluidic chip. 38 channel segments were designed for rapid low volume PCR, and four were optimized for spatial DNA melting analysis. Fluorescence detection was used to monitor the amplification and to capture the melting signature of the amplicon was performed with a basic 8-bit CCD camera. The microfluidic device itself was fabricated from microscope slides and a double-sided tape. The simplicity of the system and its robust performance combine in an elegant solution for lab-on-a-chip genetic analysis.

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Gender verification in sports by PCR amplification of SRY and DYZ1 Y chromosome specific sequences: presence of DYZ1 repeat in female athletes.

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous quantitation of human nuclear, mitochondrial, and male Y-chromosome DNA: application in human identification

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous quantitation of human nuclear, mitochondrial, and male Y-chromosome DNA: application in human identification

Genes, Gender, Hormones, and Doping in Sport: A Convoluted Tale

Genotyping from saliva with a one-step microdevice

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