Gene and species trees reveal mitochondrial and nuclear discordance in the Drosophila cardini group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract

Abstract. The Drosophila cardini group includes 15 species, which are subdivided into the D. cardini and D. dunni subgroups. Although many phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed for this group during the last five decades (based on patterns of reproductive isolation, morphology of male genitalia, chromosomal inversions, isozyme variation, or molecular sequence data), these are mostly discordant with each other. We aimed to clarify some of the evolutionary patterns related to the origin of this incongruence, while also attempting to provide a better‐supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the D. cardini subgroup. For this purpose, sequences from three mitochondrial and three nuclear loci were gathered for at least eight species, and both individual gene trees and joint species tree estimates were evaluated. Although there was concordance among gene trees within each of the nuclear and mitochondrial sets, considerable incongruence was revealed in the comparisons between these two data sets. The branching position of D. neocardini was the main source of incongruence, and species trees reconstructed using different approaches with and without this species were particularly incongruent. In addition to providing a better approximation of the evolutionary history of the D. cardini group, this study suggests that incomplete lineage sorting or introgression may be biasing previous species tree estimates. More generally, the results also suggest that the use of supermatrix methods can lead to an overestimation of support for the inferred relationships, and highlight the potential effects of different taxon sampling strategies in phylogenetic reconstruction.

Towards a synthesis of the Caribbean biogeography of terrestrial arthropods

“…Generally, for all taxa examined, the Greater Antilles harbor more species than the Lesser Antilles, and the larger Greater Antilles islands, like Cuba and Hispaniola, typically have more species than the smaller islands of Puerto Rico and Jamaica. This expected pattern of Cuba > Hispaniola > Jamaica > Puerto Rico generally holds for the bug family Lyagaeidae [56], pseudoscorpions [91], scaritine beetles [92], Centruroides scorpions ( Fig. 11), Micrathena spiders (Fig.…”

As contribuições da metilação diferencial no DNA para os processos sexoespecífico e mudanças de ambientes hospedeiros em Drosophila gouveai (cluster Drosophila buzzatii)

“…This incongruence between the mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA is expected due to differences in parental inheritance and effective size (mitochondrial with effective population size four times smaller than nuclear) (Funk and Omland, 2003;Toews and Brelsford, 2012), and several studies have shown this mitonuclear disagreement (Gompert et al 2008;Franco et al 2015, Ré et al 2010Després, 2019). Furthermore, differences have been found in the selective pressure of the mitochondrial genome compared to the nuclear genome (Toews and Brelsford, 2012;DeBiasse et al 2014), corroborating our data.…”

Rapid divergence of the male reproductive proteins in theDrosophila dunnigroup and implications for postmating incompatibilities between species

“…We then used these virgin flies to mate all species in pairwise combinations individually in 3 replicates. For each replicate we mated 10 males with 10 females (all aged 2–3 days) for 5 days ( Wilder and Hollocher 2003 ; Cenzi De Ré et al 2010 ). Following the 5-day mating period and removal of the parents, we collected offspring every day for 30 days.…”