Gene–Diet Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease

Dimitriou, Maria; Dedoussis, George

doi:10.1007/s13668-012-0020-4

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Epigenetic studies the changes in the genome might cause alterations in gene expression without determining modification in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms include noncoding RNA function, DNA methylation, and histone modifications [8]. Diet may produce epigenome changes, for example some nutrients constitute methyl donating components, as methionine, folic acid, B vitamins, choline.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently two researchers fully involved in the study of the cardiovascular effects of Mediterranean diet said that “The term ‘Mediterranean’ diet refers to dietary patterns found in olive-growing areas of the Mediterranean region and described in the 1960s and beyond. There are several variants of the Mediterranean diet, but some common components can be identified: high monounsaturated/saturated fat ratio; ethanol consumption at moderate levels and mainly in the form of wine; high consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and grains; moderate consumption of milk and dairy products, mostly in the form of cheese; and low consumption of meat and meat products” [8].…”

Section: Introduction: the Rediscovery Of Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet

Tuttolomondo

Simonetta

Daidone

et al. 2019

IJMS

185

148

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Several studies indicated how dietary patterns that were obtained from nutritional cluster analysis can predict disease risk or mortality. Low-grade chronic inflammation represents a background pathogenetic mechanism linking metabolic risk factors to increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. A Mediterranean diet (MeDi) style has been reported as associated with a lower degree of inflammation biomarkers and with a protective role on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. Recently, it has been reported a novel positive association between baseline plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular events and how adherence to a Mediterranean Diet-style may influence the potential negative relationship between elevated plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed the positive effects of the MeDi diet style on several cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass index, waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules, and diabetes and how these advantages of the MeDi are maintained in comparison of a low-fat diet. Some studies reported a positive effect of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and heart failure incidence, whereas some recent studies, such as the PREDIMED study, showed that the incidence of major cardiovascular events was lower among those assigned to MeDi supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts than among those assigned to a reduced-fat diet. New studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms, whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases, but also discussing other related diseases. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a review of the clinical effects of this dietary style underlying the biochemical and molecular effects of the Mediterranean diet. Our purpose is to review the main features of the Mediterranean diet in particular its benefits on human health, underling the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic effects to which new knowledge about epigenetic and gut-microbiota relationship is recently added.

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Section: Biological Effects Of Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: the Rediscovery Of Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet

Tuttolomondo

Simonetta

Daidone

et al. 2019

IJMS

185

148

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“…However, failure to account for gene × environment interaction may also explain at least part of the discrepancies. 11, 12 In support of this, dietary intake of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids significantly modified the association between a ALOX5 promoter variant and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population of predominantly non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. 13 Nutrigenetic interaction was also observed in another study, in which ALOX5 variants increased the risk of MI in presence of high arachidonic acid (AA) intake but decreased MI risk in low AA intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Leukotriene haplotype × diet interaction on carotid artery hypertrophy and atherosclerosis in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study

et al. 2014

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Objective Gene × diet interaction plays an important role in atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder. Leukotrienes are the most potent inflammatory mediators, and genetic variants encoding leukotriene genes have been implicated in atherosclerosis. This study tests nutrigenetic interaction of a previously defined leukotriene haplotype on carotid artery hypertrophy and atherosclerosis in American Indians. Methods This study included 3,402 American Indians participating in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). Carotid artery measurements, including intima-media thickness (IMT), vascular mass, and plaque, were assessed using ultrasound. Eleven tagSNPs in the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) gene were genotyped in all subjects. Main haplotype effect and haplotype × diet interaction were examined by generalized estimating equation, adjusting for known risk factors. Results There was no significant main effect of haplotype or diet on any of the carotid artery measures. However, a previously defined LTA4H haplotype, called HapE, significantly interacted with dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on both IMT (P HapE x n3 = 0.018, P HapE x n6 = 0.040) and vascular mass (P HapE x n3 = 0.012, P HapE x n6 = 0.018), but not plaque. The direction of this nutrigenetic interaction on IMT was consistent with that reported in a recent study of Caucasian twins. Conclusion Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly modifies the effect of a leukotriene haplotype on carotid artery hypertrophy but not atherosclerosis in American Indians, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors. Replication of nutrigenetic interaction in two distinct ethnic groups suggests the robustness and generalizability of our findings to diverse populations.

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“…Nutrition plays important role in the management and prevention of CVDs [ 58 ]. Genes responsible for the metabolism and biosynthesis of lipids includes Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), fatty acid synthase (FASN), apolipoprotein E (APOE), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) etc, which can be modulated in a protective manner by shift to a healthy diet [ 59 ].…”

Section: Nutrient-gene Interaction In Life-style Associate Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics and its Impact on Life Style Associated Metabolic Diseases

Rana

Kumar

Rathore

et al. 2016

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Post-human genome revelation observes the emergence of ‘Nutigenomics’ as one of the exciting scientific advancement influencing mankind around the world. Food or more precisely 'nutrition' has the major impact in defining the cause-response interaction between nutrient (diet) and human health. In addition to substantial understanding of nutrition-human-health interaction, bases of 'nutrigenomic' development foster on advent in transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics as well as insight into food as health supplement. Interaction of selected nutrient with associated genes in specific organ or tissue necessary to comprehend that how individual's genetic makeup (DNA transcribed into mRNA and then to proteins) respond to particular nutrient. It provided new opportunities to incorporate natural bioactive compounds into food for specific group of people with similar genotype. As inception of diabetes associated with change in gene expression of, not limited to, protein kinase B, insulin receptor, duodenal homeobox and glucokinase, thus, targeting such proteins by modifying or improving the nutritional availability or uptake may help to devise novel food, supplements, or nutraceuticals. In this article, various aspects of R&D in nutrigenomics are reviewed to ascertain its impact on human health, especially with life-style associated diseases.

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Gene–Diet Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet

Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet

Leukotriene haplotype × diet interaction on carotid artery hypertrophy and atherosclerosis in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study

Nutrigenomics and its Impact on Life Style Associated Metabolic Diseases

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