Gene–environment interaction using polygenic scores: Do polygenic scores for psychopathology moderate predictions from environmental risk to behavior problems?

Plomin, Robert; Gidziela, Agnieszka; Malanchini, Margherita; Stumm, Sophie von

doi:10.1017/s0954579422000931

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Not finding significant GxE effects aligns with other studies that failed to detect meaningful moderations of genetic influences on phenotypic traits (e.g., Allegrini et al, 2020;Figlio et al, 2017;Kandaswamy et al, 2022;Plomin et al, 2022). This and other research suggest that identifying replicable GxE effects in the prediction of complex traits that are influenced by many genetic and environmental factors, like cognitive but also social-emotional development, may be impossible, at least with the methods that are currently available.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Gene-environment Interplay in Early Life Cognitive Development

Stumm¹,

Kandaswamy²,

Maxwell³

2022

Preprint

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Individual differences in early life cognitive development are driven by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, but identifying replicable gene-environment interactions (GxE) has proven difficult. Here, we systematically tested GxE effects in the prediction of cognitive development from 2 to 4 years, using polygenic scores (PGS) for years spent in education and 39 measures of the home and neighborhood environment. Data came from up to 6,973 unrelated individuals from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), a UK population-representative cohort. The environmental measures accounted together for 20.6% of the variance in cognitive development, while the PGS accounted for 0.5% of the variance (p <.001). We found no conclusive evidence for GxE effects, but we observed substantial gene-environment correlations. Our findings suggest genetic and environmental factors have direct and additive, rather than interactive effects on early life cognitive development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Gene-environment Interplay in Early Life Cognitive Development

Stumm¹,

Kandaswamy²,

Maxwell³

2022

Preprint

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“…Our findings are consistent with the notion that genetic influences and stressful life events exert largely independent effects on adult self-control. While some studies do find significant G x E effects ( 43 , 44 ), other studies fail to detect G x E moderation effects on self-control related traits (e.g. 45 – 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

No gene by stressful life events interaction on individual differences in adults’ self-control

Willems,

Raffington,

Ligthart

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundDifficulty with self-control, or the ability to alter impulses and behavior in a goal-directed way, predicts interpersonal conflict, lower socioeconomic attainments, and more adverse health outcomes. Etiological understanding, and intervention for low self-control is, therefore, a public health goal. A prominent developmental theory proposes that individuals with high genetic propensity for low self-control that are also exposed to stressful environments may be most at-risk of low levels of self-control. Here we examine if polygenic measures associated with behaviors marked by low self-control interact with stressful life events in predicting self-control.MethodsLeveraging molecular data from a large population-based Dutch sample (N = 7,090, Mage = 41.2) to test for effects of genetics (i.e., polygenic scores for ADHD and aggression), stressful life events (e.g., traffic accident, violent assault, financial problems), and a gene-by-stress interaction on self-control (measured with the ASEBA Self-Control Scale).ResultsBoth genetics (β =.03 -.04, p <.001) and stressful life events (β = .11 -.14, p <.001) were associated with individual differences in self-control. We find no evidence of a gene-by-stressful life events interaction on individual differences in adults’ self-control.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with the notion that genetic influences and stressful life events exert largely independent effects on adult self-control. However, the small effect sizes of polygenic scores increases the likelihood of null results. Genetically-informed longitudinal research in large samples can further inform the etiology of individual differences in self-control from early childhood into later adulthood and its downstream implications for public health.

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“…21 The emotional and behavioral problems were often caused by a combination of environment and genetics. 22,23…”

Section: Assessments Of Emotional and Behavioral Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional and behavioral problems change the development of cerebellar gray matter volume, thickness, and surface area from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal cohort study

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

CNS Neurosci Ther

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AimsIncreasing evidence indicates that major neurodevelopmental disorders have potential links to abnormal cerebellar development. However, the developmental trajectories of cerebellar subregions from childhood to adolescence are lacking, and it is not clear how emotional and behavioral problems affect them. We aim to map the developmental trajectories of gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CT), and surface area (SA) in cerebellar subregions from childhood to adolescence and examine how emotional and behavioral problems change the cerebellar development trajectory in a longitudinal cohort study.MethodThis population‐based longitudinal cohort study used data on a representative sample of 695 children. Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed at baseline and at three annual follow‐ups with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsUsing an innovative automated image segmentation technique, we quantified the GMV, CT, and SA of the whole cerebellum and 24 subdivisions (lobules I‐VI, VIIB, VIIIA&B, and IX‐X plus crus I‐II) with 1319 MRI scans from a large longitudinal sample of 695 subjects aged 6–15 years and mapped their developmental trajectories. We also examined sex differences and found that boys showed more linear growth, while girls showed more nonlinear growth. Boys and girls showed nonlinear growth in the cerebellar subregions; however, girls reached the peak earlier than boys. Further analysis found that emotional and behavioral problems modulated cerebellar development. Specifically, emotional symptoms impede the expansion of the SA of the cerebellar cortex, and no gender differences; conduct problems lead to inadequate cerebellar GMV development only in girls, but not boys; hyperactivity/inattention delays the development of cerebellar GMV and SA, with left cerebellar GMV, right VIIIA GMV and SA in boys and left V GMV and SA in girls; peer problems disrupt CT growth and SA expansion, resulting in delayed GMV development, with bilateral IV, right X CT in boys and right Crus I GMV, left V SA in girls; and prosocial behavior problems impede the expansion of the SA and lead to excessive CT growth, with bilateral IV, V, right VI CT, left cerebellum SA in boys and right Crus I GMV in girls.ConclusionsThis study maps the developmental trajectories of GMV, CT, and SA in cerebellar subregions from childhood to adolescence. In addition, we provide the first evidence for how emotional and behavioral problems affect the dynamic development of GMV, CT, and SA in the cerebellum, which provides an important basis and guidance for the prevention and intervention of cognitive and emotional behavioral problems in the future.

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Gene–environment interaction using polygenic scores: Do polygenic scores for psychopathology moderate predictions from environmental risk to behavior problems?

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Gene-environment Interplay in Early Life Cognitive Development

Gene-environment Interplay in Early Life Cognitive Development

No gene by stressful life events interaction on individual differences in adults’ self-control

Emotional and behavioral problems change the development of cerebellar gray matter volume, thickness, and surface area from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal cohort study

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