Gene-environment interactions in the pre–Industrial Era: the cancer of King Ferrante I of Aragon (1431-1494)☆☆☆

Ottini, Laura; Falchetti, Mario; Marinozzi, Silvia; Angeletti, Luciana Rita; Fornaciari, Gino

doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2010.07.010

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical results clearly indicate a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the digestive tract, most probably of the colon rectum. DNA hybridization probe and sequencing demonstrated a K-ras exons 1–2 punctiform mutation, the most frequent mutation of the K-ras gene in sporadic colorectal cancer, as in the case of the king, is associated with high consumption of red meat, which is known to induce a significant increase in fecal carcinogenic N-nitroso compound (NOC) levels [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Mummy NASD27, identified as Luigi Carafa, II Prince of Stigliano, dates to the 16th century and was 65 years old.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome and Putative Resistome of Inca and Italian Nobility Mummies

Santiago-Rodríguez

Fornaciari

Luciani

et al. 2017

Genes

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Little is still known about the microbiome resulting from the process of mummification of the human gut. In the present study, the gut microbiota, genes associated with metabolism, and putative resistome of Inca and Italian nobility mummies were characterized by using high-throughput sequencing. The Italian nobility mummies exhibited a higher bacterial diversity as compared to the Inca mummies when using 16S ribosomal (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing, but both groups showed bacterial and fungal taxa when using shotgun metagenomic sequencing that may resemble both the thanatomicrobiome and extant human gut microbiomes. Identification of sequences associated with plants, animals, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) may provide further insights into the dietary habits of Inca and Italian nobility mummies. Putative antibiotic-resistance genes in the Inca and Italian nobility mummies support a human gut resistome prior to the antibiotic therapy era. The higher proportion of putative antibiotic-resistance genes in the Inca compared to Italian nobility mummies may support the hypotheses that a greater exposure to the environment may result in a greater acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes. The present study adds knowledge of the microbiome resulting from the process of mummification of the human gut, insights of ancient dietary habits, and the preserved putative human gut resistome prior the antibiotic therapy era.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome and Putative Resistome of Inca and Italian Nobility Mummies

Santiago-Rodríguez

Fornaciari

Luciani

et al. 2017

Genes

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“…The mummy of Ferrante I d'Aragon, King of Naples (1431-1494 CE), revealed an adenocarcinoma extensively infiltrating the muscles of the inner pelvis with a typical mutation of the K-ras gene (Ottini et al 2011). The alimentary milieu of the Neapolitan court of the fifteenth century, with its abundance of natural alimentary products, may well explain this mutation.…”

Section: Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mummies in Crypts and Catacombs

Nerlich

Bianucci

2020

The Handbook of Mummy Studies

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There exist numerous crypts and catacombs in churches and cemeteries that harbor mummified human remains. Due to burial customs these are most frequently detected in European countries, mostly as the result of spontaneous (natural) mummification. Beyond those mummies, occasionally artificial mummification has led to permanently preserved bodies. These were performed as either dry or wet type of embalming. All mummified human bodies may represent

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“…Although there was no skeletal evidence that Isabella Aragon or her grandfather had syphilis, a stepsibling of Isabella's, María of Aragon, had deep ulcerated syphilitic lesions on her lower limbs (Fornaciari 2006). The severely obese King Ferdinand I had a colorectal tumor (Ottini et al 2011) and atherosclerosis of the common carotid arteries, evidence of severe heart disease (Gaeta et al 2013).…”

Section: The Shape Of Mona Lisa's Nose: a Medical Portraitmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mona Lisa Portrait: Leonardo’s Personal and Political Tribute to Isabella Aragon Sforza, the Duchess of Milan

Kulski¹

2018

IJAAH

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The modern consensus clings to the traditional belief that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa in the Louvre Museum is Lisa Gherardini, the wife of the wealthy Florentine merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. However, this opinion is based on incorrect interpretations of limited historical information and contradictions rather than on any concrete evidence. Robert Payne, who wrote a biography on Leonardo da Vinci in 1978, probably provided the first serious suggestion that Isabella of Aragon, the Duchess Consort of Milan, was the Mona Lisa. He realised that Isabella of Aragon was the Mona Lisa when he saw a drawing of her in Milan in her early twenties that currently is held in the Hyde Collection at Glen Falls in New York. In this paper, I reflect on Robert Payne's findings and arguments and compare the style, look and chronology of many Renaissance versions of Mona Lisa with the facial characteristics of the Isabella Aragon Sforza's idealized portraits to support and further develop the Payne rationale that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is a tribute to and an idealized representation of the widow Isabella of Aragon and not Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo.

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Gene-environment interactions in the pre–Industrial Era: the cancer of King Ferrante I of Aragon (1431-1494)☆☆☆

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Gut Microbiome and Putative Resistome of Inca and Italian Nobility Mummies

Gut Microbiome and Putative Resistome of Inca and Italian Nobility Mummies

Mummies in Crypts and Catacombs

The Mona Lisa Portrait: Leonardo’s Personal and Political Tribute to Isabella Aragon Sforza, the Duchess of Milan

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