2011
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.009
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Gene expression of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in F344 rats co-exposed to melamine and cyanuric acid for seven days

Abstract: A number of studies have demonstrated that co-exposure to low levels of melamine and cyanuric acid elicits renal toxicity due to the formation of melamine cyanurate crystals in the kidney nephrons. In this work, we investigated if co-exposure of rats to these compounds leads to alterations in the expression of the genes encoding kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), clusterin, osteopontin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/lipocalin 2 (NGAL), which have been propo… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Subsequent kidney gene expression analysis of Kim-1 , Clu , Spp1 , Lcn2 , and Timp-1 substantiated the proposed NOAEL in feed (Camacho et al, 2011). However, F344 rats gavaged with as low as 60 ppm (5 mg/kg bw/day) of each compound in a staggered manner experienced significant adverse effects including nephrotoxicity (Sprando et al, in press).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 69%
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“…Subsequent kidney gene expression analysis of Kim-1 , Clu , Spp1 , Lcn2 , and Timp-1 substantiated the proposed NOAEL in feed (Camacho et al, 2011). However, F344 rats gavaged with as low as 60 ppm (5 mg/kg bw/day) of each compound in a staggered manner experienced significant adverse effects including nephrotoxicity (Sprando et al, in press).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…Relative gene expression levels of the biomarkers of nephrotoxicity were assayed as described in Camacho et al (2011). Briefly, the frozen half kidneys were macerated in liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…One microgram of total RNA was reverse-transcribed using random hexamer primers and an Advantage RT-for-PCR kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA), following the manufacturer’s protocol. The cDNA was diluted 1:40 with nuclease-free water and used as a template in the qRT-PCR assays, as described in Camacho et al (2011). Supplementary Table S1 lists the TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) used and the range of threshold cycle (Ct) values.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%