Gene Expression of Type I and Type III Collagen by Mechanical Stretch in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cells

Kim, Sung‐Gon; Akaike, Toshihiro; Sasagaw, Tadashi; Atomi, Yoriko; Kurosawa, Hisashi

doi:10.1247/csf.27.139

Cited by 136 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In contrast to the biaxial stretching effects as described above, 10% cyclic uniaxial stretching of ACL fibroblasts at 0.33 Hz for 24 h increased the expression of both collagen types I and III mRNA levels; the ratios of stretch to control values of type I and type III collagen were 1.6 and 2.7, respectively (Kim et al, 2002). In parallel, TGF-β1 protein in the medium was increased in response to stretching.…”

Section: Regulation Of Gene Expression In Fibroblasts By Mechanical Lmentioning

confidence: 67%

Mechanoregulation of gene expression in fibroblasts

Wang

Thampatty

Lin

et al. 2007

Gene

228

187

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Mechanical loads placed on connective tissues alter gene expression in fibroblasts through mechanotransduction mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical signals into cellular biological events, such as gene expression of extracellular matrix components (e.g., collagen). This mechanical regulation of ECM gene expression affords maintenance of connective tissue homeostasis. However, mechanical loads can also interfere with homeostatic cellular gene expression and consequently cause the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases such as tendinopathy and osteoarthritis. Therefore, the regulation of gene expression by mechanical loads is closely related to connective tissue physiology and pathology. This article reviews the effects of various mechanical loading conditions on gene regulation in fibroblasts and discusses several mechanotransduction mechanisms. Future research directions in mechanoregulation of gene expression are also suggested.

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Section: Regulation Of Gene Expression In Fibroblasts By Mechanical Lmentioning

confidence: 67%

Mechanoregulation of gene expression in fibroblasts

Wang

Thampatty

Lin

et al. 2007

Gene

228

187

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“…Because the amount of collagens I and III are reduced by suppressing TGF-β1 released by ligament cells, TGF-β1 is involved in ligament regeneration. As a result, when ligament cells were stretched, levels of TGF-β1 released by the cells also increased in order to activate the regeneration of ligament cells (9). In this way, numerous studies have found that mechanical stretching affects cellular growth.…”

Section: Effects Of Mechanical Stretching On Cultured Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stretching stress on the muscle contraction proteins of skeletal muscle myoblasts

et al. 2005

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Several studies have reported that growth and differentiation of cultured myoblasts can be facilitated by applying appropriate mechanical stimulus. However, the effects of mechanical stimulus on the characteristics of muscle fi bers have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we gave mechanical stress to C2C12 cells, which were myoblasts derived from mice skeletal muscle. The following myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms were investigated in order to clarify muscle characteristics: MHC-2b, 2d and 2a, all of which are fast-twitch fi bers. After inoculating cells on a silicone chamber, the chamber was mechanically stretched, and a LightCycler TM was used to measure the mRNA expression of each MHC isoform at several times. The results showed that, with mechanical stretching, the expression of MHC-2b was initially high. On the other hand, without stretching, the expression of MHC-2d increased over time, but with stretching, it was hardly seen. Furthermore, the expression of MHC-2a was signifi cantly high in the stretching group. These results of this study suggest that, when intermittently stimulated, myoblasts express increased levels of MHC-2a isoform. Therefore, it is indicated that myocytes respond to environmental changes not only to facilitate growth and differentiation, but also to alter muscle function actively at the MHC isoform level.Myosin heavy chain (MHC), which is a muscle contraction protein, is known to be closely related to muscle function (14). Also, MHC consists of several isoforms, and changes in muscle function can be determined by the composition ratios of these isoforms (2, 14). In adult mice, there are four MHC isoforms; MHC-2b, 2d, 2a and 1, and in vivo studies have shown that these isoforms may undergo the following reversible changes: 2b → ← 2d → ← 2a → ← 1 (15). MHC-2b, 2d and 2a are all fast-twitch fi bers, and the contraction speed for MHC-2b is the fastest, followed by 2d and 2a, and MHC-1 is slow-twitch fiber (1).As to the relationship between the composition ratios of MHC isoforms and changes in muscle function, one study investigated the masseter muscle in fetal and newborn mice (19). The results showed that the composition ratios of MHC isoforms changed markedly at 16 days post conception when many oral tissues became ready for delivery and slight jaw movements began. Another study investigated the development process for the mouse masseter muscle after birth, and reported that the composition ratios of MHC isoforms changed markedly during weaning when the masseter muscle began to masticate instead of suckle (6, 17). These two investigations suggested a possibility that changes in muscle function leads to changes in MHC isoform composition. However, it is also possible that changes in MHC isoform are related to

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“…This happens through mechanotransduction pathways affecting the anabolic as well as the catabolic responses (Brown et al, 1998;Hsieh et al, 2000;Zeichen et al, 2000). It has been reported that the cells sense the applied strain (Chiquet, 1999;Chiquet et al, 2003) and regulate the synthesis of matrix proteins (Arnoczky et al, 2002;Skutek et al, 2003;Miller et al, 2005), the gene expression of proteoglycans and collagen (Robbins and Vogel, 1994;Kim et al, 2002;Hsieh et al, 2000), the alignment and density of the collagenous matrix (Pins et al, 1997;Wang et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2003a) as well as the expression of several growth factors (Skutek et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2004;Olesen et al, 2006). Studies examining the influence of mechanical loading on the regulation of the biosynthesis of connective soft tissues demonstrated that the strain magnitude, strain frequency, strain rate and strain duration of cells influence the cellular biochemical responses (Skutek et al, 2003;Arnoczky et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2004) and the mechanical properties of collagen fascicles (Yamamoto et al, 2002;Yamamoto et al, 2003;Yamamoto et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptational responses of the human Achilles tendon by modulation of the applied cyclic strain magnitude

Arampatzis

Karamanidis

Albracht

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

291

434

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SUMMARY Tendons are able to remodel their mechanical and morphological properties in response to mechanical loading. However, there is little information about the effects of controlled modulation in cyclic strain magnitude applied to the tendon on the adaptation of tendon's properties in vivo. The present study investigated whether the magnitude of the mechanical load induced as cyclic strain applied to the Achilles tendon may have a threshold in order to trigger adaptation effects on tendon mechanical and morphological properties. Twenty-one adults (experimental group, N=11; control group, N=10) participated in the study. The participants of the experimental group exercised one leg at low-magnitude tendon strain (2.85±0.99%) and the other leg at high-magnitude tendon strain (4.55±1.38%) of similar frequency and volume. After 14 weeks of exercise intervention we found a decrease in strain at a given tendon force, an increase in tendon-aponeurosis stiffness and tendon elastic modulus and a region-specific hypertrophy of the Achilles tendon only in the leg exercised at high strain magnitude. These findings provide evidence of the existence of a threshold or set-point at the applied strain magnitude at which the transduction of the mechanical stimulus may influence the tensional homeostasis of the tendons. The results further show that the mechanical load exerted on the Achilles tendon during the low-strain-magnitude exercise is not a sufficient stimulus for triggering further adaptation effects on the Achilles tendon than the stimulus provided by the mechanical load applied during daily activities.

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Gene Expression of Type I and Type III Collagen by Mechanical Stretch in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cells

Cited by 136 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanoregulation of gene expression in fibroblasts

Mechanoregulation of gene expression in fibroblasts

Effects of stretching stress on the muscle contraction proteins of skeletal muscle myoblasts

Adaptational responses of the human Achilles tendon by modulation of the applied cyclic strain magnitude

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