Gene expression profiling of 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to phloretin☆

Antioxidants Counteract Nicotine and Promote Migration via RacGTP in Oral Fibroblast Cells

“…Another study 20 made use of different parameters to demonstrate that P has anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects by reducing the proliferation‐related index and nitrous oxide production of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon‐γ group of macrophages in T lymphocytes as well as its ability to induce a cell‐cycle arrest at the Gap0/Gap1 (G0/G1) phase. A recent report 47 showed that P could promote NIH 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ activation. Furthermore, using microarray analysis, several genes involved in lipogenesis, triglyceride storage, and insulin signal transduction were upregulated, which indicated that P may be beneficial for reducing obesity‐associated inflammation and insulin resistance 47 …”

Phloretin promotes adipocyte differentiation in vitro and improves glucose homeostasis in vivo

“…Previous studies demonstrated that phloretin inhibits fatty acid uptake by blocking fatty acids translocase (FAT/CD36, hereinafter referred to as "CD36") protein [14,15] and therefore decreases the substrate availability and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. However, Hassan et al [10,16] reported that phloretin significantly enhances adipocyte differentiation, as well as expression of several adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. Reasons for this discrepancy were not clear, and the mechanisms by which phloretin modulates adipogenesis remain to be elucidated.…”

Negative Regulation of Adipogenesis by Kaempferol, a Component of <i>Rhizoma Polygonati falcatum</i> in 3T3-L1 Cells

“…Natural flavonoids, found in various plants and herbal medicines, up-or down-regulate differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and gene expression involved in adipogenesis. [24][25][26][27][28] In our study, we found that the flavonoid kaempferol is potent in repressing both lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic markers. Kaempferol is found in many medical plants, such as Gingko biloba (Gb), Pinus densiflora SIEB.…”

“…These genes function as key regulators or markers of adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. 27) Furthermore, key transcription factors required for adipogenesis and lipogenesis were also down-regulated, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP, LXRα, LXRβ, RXRβ, and RORα. Interestingly, kaempferol decreased the expression of PPARγ coactivator Lpin1 20) and increased the expression of PPARγ corepressor Wwtr1 (also called TAZ).…”