Gene expression profiling of human peri-implantation endometria between natural and stimulated cycles

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Can fresh embryo transfers be replaced by cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfers in assisted reproductive cycles? A randomized controlled trial

“…High E2 levels in proliferative phase in COH cycles cause upregulation of progesterone receptors in endometrium [20], furthermore, high serum E2 and/or progesterone affect the gene expression profiles of human endometrium, therefore, endometrial receptivity may be altered [21]. The comparison of gene expression from the same patients between natural and stimulated cycles revealed endometrial profile associated with either a moderately altered receptivity in most cases (86%) or a strongly altered receptivity during the COS protocol in a few cases (14%).…”

Use of the natural cycle and vitrification thawed blastocyst transfer results in better in-vitro fertilization outcomes

“…Although several candidate molecules are under active investigation, the roles played by these factors in implantation are currently not fully known. However, abundant evidence suggests that genes highly expressed during the WOI of a natural cycle tend to be downregulated at higher estrogen concentrations [12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, patients with normal ovarian function may achieve the best results using natural rather than hormonally manipulated cycles, because exogenous estrogen may alter the physiologic concentration of endogenous hormone, resulting in negative effects on the endometrium [7,15].…”

Epigenetic Alteration of the Metallothionein 1E Gene in Human Endometrial Carcinomas

“…The fluorescent signals generated from the DNA chip after hybridization were 8,414 (cervix), 462 (endometrium), 4,985 (ovary) and 10,668 (prostate) units. In addition, according to the microarray data from the human reproduction unit of our department, the MT-1E expression level was much higher (13,833 units) in normal endometrial tissues than in the endometrial cancer cells [19] , suggesting that downregulation of MT-1E occurred during the development of endometrial cancer.…”