Gene expression, telomere and cognitive deficit analysis as a function of Chornobyl radiation dose and age: from in utero to adulthood

Da, Bazyka; Km, Loganovsky; Im, Ilyenko; Chumak, Stanislav; Mo, Bomko

doi:10.33145/2304-8336-2015-20-283-310

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A statistically significant dose-dependent increase in the level of mental disorders (as assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) [ 74 ]) was found among 326 Ukrainian cleanup workers exposed to dose under 500 mSv [ 69 ]. Higher risks of organic psychoses and non-psychotic organic brain damages were found among 198 Ukrainian Chernobyl liquidators who intervened in 1986–1987, relative to 42 internal controls exposed to doses < 50 mSv (RR = 3.15; 95% CI: 2.60, 3.70 and RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.60, 2.50, respectively) [ 65 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Developing Non-Cancerous Central Nervous System Diseases Due to Ionizing Radiation Exposure during Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

et al. 2022

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Background: High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) (>0.5 Gy) is an established risk factor for cognitive impairments, but this cannot be concluded for low-to-moderate IR exposure (<0.5 Gy) in adulthood as study results are inconsistent. The objectives are to summarize relevant epidemiological studies of low-to-moderate IR exposure in adulthood and to assess the risk of non-cancerous CNS diseases. Methods: A systematic literature search of four electronic databases was performed to retrieve relevant epidemiological studies published from 2000 to 2022. Pooled standardized mortality ratios, relative risks, and excess relative risks (ERR) were estimated with a random effect model. Results: Forty-five publications were included in the systematic review, including thirty-three in the quantitative meta-analysis. The following sources of IR-exposure were considered: atomic bomb, occupational, environmental, and medical exposure. Increased dose-risk relationships were found for cerebrovascular diseases incidence and mortality (ERRpooled per 100 mGy = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.03–0.05; ERRpooled at 100 mGy = 0.01; 95% CI: −0.00–0.02, respectively) and for Parkinson’s disease (ERRpooled at 100 mGy = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06–0.16); Conclusions: Our findings suggest that adult low-to-moderate IR exposure may have effects on non-cancerous CNS diseases. Further research addressing inherent variation issues is encouraged.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Developing Non-Cancerous Central Nervous System Diseases Due to Ionizing Radiation Exposure during Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

et al. 2022

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“…Other studies observed no significant difference in verbal memory between clean-up workers exposed to greater than 0.5 Sv and clean-up workers exposed to less than 0.02 Sv, but observed reduced brief global cognitive scores in the former group (Bazyka et al 2015). Such studies (Loganovsky et al 2015;Bazyka et al 2015) should be treated cautiously if interpreting any effect to radiation dose, due to limited control for other variables. Indeed, Bazyka et al (2015) observed higher rates of stress-related disorders in the most exposed clean-up workers, therefore any observed association between dose and cognitive function could be attributed to psychological stress rather than to radiation itself.…”

Section: Observations From Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, in a cohort working on the Chernobyl 'Shelter Object' project (0-0.0567 Sv total dose from external and internal sources), an increase in verbal memory deficits were observed compared to before the project (Loganovsky et al 2015). Other studies observed no significant difference in verbal memory between clean-up workers exposed to greater than 0.5 Sv and clean-up workers exposed to less than 0.02 Sv, but observed reduced brief global cognitive scores in the former group (Bazyka et al 2015). Such studies (Loganovsky et al 2015;Bazyka et al 2015) should be treated cautiously if interpreting any effect to radiation dose, due to limited control for other variables.…”

Section: Observations From Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Such studies (Loganovsky et al 2015;Bazyka et al 2015) should be treated cautiously if interpreting any effect to radiation dose, due to limited control for other variables. Indeed, Bazyka et al (2015) observed higher rates of stress-related disorders in the most exposed clean-up workers, therefore any observed association between dose and cognitive function could be attributed to psychological stress rather than to radiation itself.…”

Section: Observations From Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The psychological consequences of (perceived) ionizing radiation exposure: a review on its role in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction

Collett

Craenen

Young

et al. 2020

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation following environmental contamination (e.g., the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents), radiotherapy and diagnostics, occupational roles and space travel has been identified as a possible risk-factor for cognitive dysfunction. The deleterious effects of high doses (1.0 Gy) on cognitive functioning are fairly well-understood, while the consequences of low (0.1 Gy) and moderate doses (0.1-1.0 Gy) have been receiving more research interest over the past decade. In addition to any impact of actual exposure on cognitive functioning, the persistent psychological stress arising from perceived exposure, particularly following nuclear accidents, may itself impact cognitive functioning. In this review we offer a novel interdisciplinary stance on the cognitive impact of radiation exposure, considering psychological and epidemiological observations of different exposure scenarios such as atomic bombings, nuclear accidents, occupational and medical exposures while accounting for differences in dose, rate of exposure and exposure type. The purpose is to address the question that perceived radiation exposure -even where the actual absorbed dose is 0.0 Gy above background dose -can result in psychological stress, which could in turn lead to cognitive dysfunction. In addition, we highlight the interplay between the mechanisms of perceived exposure (i.e., stress) and actual exposure (i.e., radiation-induced cellular damage), in the generation of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. In all, we offer a comprehensive and objective review addressing the potential for cognitive defects in the context of low-and moderate-dose IR exposures. Conclusions: Overall the evidence shows prenatal exposure to low and moderate doses to be detrimental to brain development and subsequent cognitive functioning, however the evidence for adolescent and adult low-and moderate-dose exposure remains uncertain. The persistent psychological stress following accidental exposure to low-doses in adulthood may pose a greater threat to our cognitive functioning. Indeed, the psychological implications for instructed cohorts (e.g., astronauts and radiotherapy patients) is less clear and warrants further investigation. Nonetheless, the psychosocial consequences of low-and moderate-dose exposure must be carefully considered when evaluating radiation effects on cognitive functioning, and to avoid unnecessary harm when planning public health response strategies.

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“…For example, in 326 Ukrainian Chernobyl cleanup workers, those with doses above 100 mSv had a higher prevalence of cognitive deficits compared with groups with lower or no exposure. The most severe deficits were seen in those with doses above 500 mGy ( Bazyka et al, 2015 ). Follow-up studies of the Ukrainian Chernobyl cleanup workers also suggest a dose-dependent increase in cognitive impairment from radiation exposure ( Loganovsky et al, 2018 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Evidence Base Describing the Impact Of Ionizing Radiation On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionizing radiation, cerebrovascular disease, and consequent dementia: A review and proposed framework relevant to space radiation exposure

Miller

Mi²,

Nelson³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Space exploration requires the characterization and management or mitigation of a variety of human health risks. Exposure to space radiation is one of the main health concerns because it has the potential to increase the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and both acute and late neurodegeneration. Space radiation-induced decrements to the vascular system may impact the risk for cerebrovascular disease and consequent dementia. These risks may be independent or synergistic with direct damage to central nervous system tissues. The purpose of this work is to review epidemiological and experimental data regarding the impact of low-to-moderate dose ionizing radiation on the central nervous system and the cerebrovascular system. A proposed framework outlines how space radiation-induced effects on the vasculature may increase risk for both cerebrovascular dysfunction and neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. The results of this work suggest that there are multiple processes by which ionizing radiation exposure may impact cerebrovascular function including increases in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, arterial stiffening, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cerebrovascular adverse outcomes may also promote neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. However, there are many gaps in both the human and preclinical evidence base regarding the long-term impact of ionizing radiation exposure on brain health due to heterogeneity in both exposures and outcomes. The unique composition of the space radiation environment makes the translation of the evidence base from terrestrial exposures to space exposures difficult. Additional investigation and understanding of the impact of low-to-moderate doses of ionizing radiation including high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) ions on the cerebrovascular system is needed. Furthermore, investigation of how decrements in vascular systems may contribute to development of neurodegenerative diseases in independent or synergistic pathways is important for protecting the long-term health of astronauts.

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Gene expression, telomere and cognitive deficit analysis as a function of Chornobyl radiation dose and age: from in utero to adulthood

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Risk of Developing Non-Cancerous Central Nervous System Diseases Due to Ionizing Radiation Exposure during Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Risk of Developing Non-Cancerous Central Nervous System Diseases Due to Ionizing Radiation Exposure during Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

The psychological consequences of (perceived) ionizing radiation exposure: a review on its role in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction

Ionizing radiation, cerebrovascular disease, and consequent dementia: A review and proposed framework relevant to space radiation exposure

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