Gene flow between Clearfield™ rice and red rice

Gene flow from Clearfield® rice to weedy rice under field conditions

“…The highest survival rate was recorded for the shortest distance (1 m) and the survival rate decreased with the increasing distances. The same result was also found by Shivrain et al (2007) where the out-crossing rates of rice were decreased with the increasing distances. However, the result showed a significant difference in tolerance level of weedy rice towards imidazolinone herbicide when planted at different distances.…”

“…This band can only be found in Clearfield® rice cultivars and hybrids and absent in weedy rice cultivars. A study done by Shivrain et al (2007) who showed that the bands of CL141 and CL161 have the same polymorphic band size. Their study also revealed that Clearfield® rice cultivars of CL1 and CL2 showed the same band size.…”

Agriculture: Is China ready for GM rice?

“…Wild-rice plants are undomesticated strains, whereas weedy rice, which is characterized by its seed scattering and dormancy, is thought to originate from rice crops as a result of mutations. Lu's team and another group have shown that the rate of gene flow from GM strains to wild and weedy rice is 3-18% and 0.01-0.5%, respectively 6,7 .…”

Monitoring and Management of Imidazolinone-Resistant Red Rice (Oryza sativa L., var. sylvatica) in Clearfield® Italian Paddy Rice

“…This may imply that some of the resistant plants, i.e., those originating from white seeds, belong to off-types originating during the selection process of the Clearfield ® variety. Therefore, although gene flow is likely to be the main origin of the IMI-resistant red rice [21,22], further studies are needed to fully clarify the origin of the red rice mutants.…”