Gene flow from transgenic wheat and barley under field conditions

Gatford, K.; Basri, Zainuddin; Edlington, Jane; Lloyd, Julia Marianne; Qureshi, Javed Anver; Brettell, R. I. S.; Fincher, Geoffrey B.

doi:10.1007/s10681-006-9160-1

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although pollen-mediated gene flow has been studied in many crops including canola (Beckie et al, 2003;Knispel et al, 2008), maize (Messeguer et al, 2006;Goggi et al, 2007;Weber et al, 2007;Mercer and Wainwright, 2008), wheat (Gaines et al, 2007;Gatford et al, 2007;Matus-Cadiz et al, 2007), soybean (Yoshimura et Total number of seeds screened from all (eight) blocks for a specific distance from the pollen source. Value of power (1Àb) was calculated for 95% confidence interval (a ¼ 5%) using equation (1) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-mediated gene flow in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): can genetically engineered and organic flax coexist?

et al. 2010

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Coexistence allows growers and consumers the choice of producing or purchasing conventional or organic crops with known standards for adventitious presence of genetically engineered (GE) seed. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is multipurpose oilseed crop in which product diversity and utility could be enhanced for industrial, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical markets through genetic engineering. If GE flax were released commercially, pollen-mediated gene flow will determine in part whether GE flax could coexist without compromising other markets. ) to the low ALA trait. Seeds were harvested from the pollen recipient plots up to a distance of 50 m in eight directions from the pollen donor. High ALA seeds were identified using a thiobarbituric acid test and served as a marker for gene flow. Binomial distribution and power analysis were used to predict the minimum number of seeds statistically required to detect the frequency of gene flow at specific a (confidence interval) and power (1Àb) values. As a result of the low frequency of gene flow, approximately 4 million seeds were screened to derive accurate quantification. Frequency of gene flow was highest near the source: averaging 0.0185 at 0.1 m but declined rapidly with distance, 0.0013 and 0.00003 at 3 and 35 m, respectively. Gene flow was reduced to 50% (O 50 ) and 90% (O 90 ) between 0.85 to 2.64 m, and 5.68 to 17.56 m, respectively. No gene flow was detected at any site or year 435 m distance from the pollen source, suggesting that frequency of gene flow was p0.00003 (P ¼ 0.95). Although it is not possible to eliminate all adventitious presence caused by pollen-mediated gene flow, through harvest blending and the use of buffer zones between GE and conventional flax fields, it could be minimized. Managing other sources of adventitious presence including seed mixing and volunteer populations may be more problematic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-mediated gene flow in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): can genetically engineered and organic flax coexist?

et al. 2010

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“…They supposed that unexpected variation of outcrossing rate among GM lines and original variety was evidently due to the different transgene insertion events. On the other hand Gatford et al (2006) reported extremely low transgene flow frequency from 0.0037 to 0.012 % in adjacent field plots. Despite the previous observation that single outcrosses could be found at considerable distance from the pollen donor, Foetzki et al (2012) found only a limited number of outcrosses within the border crop surrounded the GM wheat plot, however the experimental field was set up at a distance of 200 m.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In 1996-1998 transgenic wheat plants contained bar gene conferring the resistance to glufosinate-based herbicides were grown in South Australia and Australian Capital Territory (Gatford et al 2006). Several field trials involved transgenic wheat lines expressed two pathogenesis-related genes (chi, glu) and herbicide resistance gene (bar) were planted in Switzerland in 2008-2010(Riebien et al 2011Foetzki et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the pollen-mediated transgene flow from the plants of herbicide resistant wheat to conventional wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016

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Three-year field assessment of gene flow from the genetically modified herbicide-resistant spring wheat variety 'Andros' to its non-transgenic counterpart has been conducted. A circular field trial design where the wheat plants containing the bar and gfp genes were planted in a central plot, while the recipient non-transgenic plants were grown in eight compass sectors at a distance of 1-5 m from the pollen source, has been developed. Gene flow was analyzed by testing the glufosinate-based herbicide resistance in seedling progeny. The phenotypic and molecular examination of more than 712,000 germinated seeds allowed us to draw a conclusion that the pollenmediated transgene flow might occur at a low frequency (\0.8 %) even if the nontransgenic wheat was located in the proximity to its transgenic counterpart. The strong asymmetric distribution of gene flow and the maximum outcrossing rate were detected in compass sectors following the direction of the dominant wind. The gene flow rate averaged over all wind direction varied in different years from 0.134 to 0.416 %. The dramatic reduction in transgene flow frequencies was observed while increasing the distance between transgenic and non-transgenic plots. The rise of average gene flow due to significant increase of the transgene pollen area was not confirmed statistically. These results predict that the pollen-mediated transgene flow in spring wheat can be maintained at negligible levels while the existence of a short isolation distance in order to prevent contamination of adjacent non-GM wheat.

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“…Golden Promise in south-eastern Australia. The results indicated that outcrossing occurred at a rate of 0.005 % over a distance of less than 12 m, and therefore, the risk of gene fl ow between transgenic and non-transgenic barley at the fi eld scale would be very low providing that crops were separated by a few metres (Gatford et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Field Trials and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marker-free transgenic plants are one of the solutions to this issue (Matthews et al 2001 ;Xue et al 2003 ). Further, the gene fl ow between the transgenic barley and its wild counterpart also remains a concern despite careful investigations on this issue (Gatford et al 2006 ). Additionally, apprehensions with regard to possible health risks by consumption of end products from genetically modifi ed barley also exist thereby forcing the industry to take a wait-and-see stance.…”

Section: Public Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

Barley

Schulze¹

2013

Alien Gene Transfer in Crop Plants, Volume 2

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Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is a widely adapted cereal crop with an extremely wide geographic distribution throughout the world. It fi nds great use for animals as a feed and for humans as a grain, especially as the source for malt for the brewing industry. In recent times, there is considerable interest in the nutritional properties of barley due to the discovery of the cholesterol-lowering effect of β-glucan, a cell wall polysaccharide. Exploitation of genetic diversity in the primary and secondary gene pool of barley using DNA-based technologies has yielded interspecifi c crosses with improved grain properties, malting quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The signifi cant achievements regarding introgression of alien genes include the genes Rym14(Hb) , Rym16(Hb) and Ryd4(Hb) which were introgressed from Hordeum bulbosum conferring resistance to BaMMV, BaYMV and BYDV in barley. Signifi cant advances in genetic engineering of barley have been obtained, and strategies for establishment of regenerative cell and tissue culture systems as well as for development of DNA delivery techniques have been formulated. Lately, a huge potential has been realised in barley grains to produce pharmaceutical proteins like oral vaccines, growth supplements and food additives which are being exploited in a commercial scale. Nevertheless, several problems still remain like the strong genotype dependency of barley transformation protocols, transformation effi ciency, transgene stability and public acceptance. The review focuses on all these issues and elaborates achievements made in the last two decades in genetic enhancement of barley using different alien gene transfer approaches.

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Gene flow from transgenic wheat and barley under field conditions

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Pollen-mediated gene flow in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): can genetically engineered and organic flax coexist?

Pollen-mediated gene flow in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): can genetically engineered and organic flax coexist?

Assessment of the pollen-mediated transgene flow from the plants of herbicide resistant wheat to conventional wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Barley

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